José María Lamamié de Clairac y Colina (1887-1956) was a Spanish politician. He supported the Traditionalist cause, until the early 1930s as an Integrist and afterwards as a Carlist. Among the former he headed the regional León branch, among the latter he rose to nationwide executive and became one of the party leaders in the late 1930s and the 1940s. In 1931-1936 he served 2 terms in the Cortes; in 1915-1920 he was member of the Salamanca ayuntamiento. In historiography he is known mostly as representative of Castilian terratenientes; as president of Confederación Nacional Católico-Agraria he tried to preserve the landowner-dominated rural regime, first opposing the Republican and later the Francoist designs.
Family and youth
The Lamamiés originated from the French Languedoc;La elegida como esposa: Eulalia Lamamié de Clairac Nicolaú, [in:] RamonSalasLarrazabal service 12.09.14, available at a WP-blocked WordPress service, 12.09.14; other sources claim the family came from Toulose, Etienne de La Mamye de Clairac entry, [in:] Geni genealogical service, available here Etienne La Mamye de Clairacborn 1646, died 1717, Etienne de La Mamye de Clairac entry, [in:] Geni genealogical service, available here was a military and held high administrative posts in Flanders in the late 17th century.he is referred as “mariscal de campo” and “gobernador de Sant Omer (Flandes)”, Claudio Diego Jacobo Lamamye de Clairac entry, [in:] Familia Lamamie de Clairac blogspot 16.01.10, available here His son arrived in Spain with Felipe de Anjou in the 1720s and became known as Claudio Lamamié de Clairac y Dubois;born 1703, died 1771; reportedly born in Toul near Meurthe-et-Moselle (Lorraine) he died in Huelva, Claudio Diego Jacobo Lamamye de Clairac entry, [in:] Geni genealogical service, available here he served on various military command posts during the following 4 decades.Claudio Diego Jacobo Lamamye de Clairac entry, [in:] Familia Lamamie de Clairac blogspot 16.01.10, available here Claudio’ son Miguel Lamamié de Clairac y Villalongaborn 1748, death date unknown, Miguel Lamamie de Clairac y Villalonga entry, [in:] Geni genealogical service, available here was the first to settle on estates granted to him near Salamanca in the late 18th century.Ramas Españolas II. Lamamie de Clairac – resumindo, [in:] Familia Lamamie de Clairac blogspot 06.01.10, available here His son and the grandfather of José María, José Ramón Lamamié de Clairac y Tirado (1784-1847),born 1784, died 1847, Jose Ramon Lamamie de Clairac y Tirado entry, [in:] Geni genealogical service, available here a military like his ancestors, fought against the French during Napoleonic Wars; though he massively benefitted from liberal desamortización,Antonio Luis López Martínez, Ganaderías de lidia y ganaderos: historia y economía de los toros de lidia en España, Sevilla 2002, , p. 152 he turned a Carlist supporter when senile.El Siglo Futuro 27.10.19, available here; some authors note him as ancestors as “allegedly “of French legitimist antecedents”, Martin Blinkhorn, Carlism and Crisis in Spain 1931-1939, Cambridge 2008, , p. 53. It is not clear what legitimism is mentioned, as the French ancestors arrived in Spain before the legitimist issue arose in France, while the Spanish ancestors engaged in legitimist cause were not French His son and the father of José María, Juan Lamamié de Clairac y Trespalacios (1831-1919),Juan Lamamie de Clairac y Trespalacios, [in:] Geni genealogical service, available here was among the largest provincial landowners.“entre los principales terratenientes y ganaderos de la provincia”, Manuel María Urrutia León, Manuel María Urrutia, Miguel de Unamuno desconocido, Salamanca 2007, , p. 70 Detained for plotting a legitimist rising,he studied law in Salamanca; in the late 1860s he served as the Carlist subcomisario regio for Salamanca province and as provincial deputy in the 1870s; arrested in 1872, he was released on word of honor and got self-exiled to France. He returned in 1874, but in line with his pledge, did not engage in further conspiracy, El Siglo Futuro 27.10.19, available here he returned from exile in the 1870s; he then owned numerous Carlist provincial periodicals.Lamamié founded and managed La Tesis, La Tradición, La Región, La Información and El Salmantino; the first two he managed with Enrique Gil Robles and Manuel Sanchez Asensio In the 1880s Lamamié joined the breakaway Integrist branch of Traditionalism and was its regional León jefé; in 1907-1910 he served as Integrist MPas a wealthy terrateniente Lamamie was in position to buy votes of his “colonos”, Ros Ana Gutiérrez Lloret, Las elecciones de 1907 en Salamanca: un ejemplo de la movilización y confrontación electoral católica en la España de la Restauración, [in:] Studia Historica. Historia Contemporanea 22 (2004), p. 333 in the Cortessee the official Cortes service, available here and entered the national party executive.along Juan Olázabal, Javier Sanz Larumbe, Marqués de Casa Ulloa and Juan Balanzó y Pons, María Jesús Izquierdo, El Sexisme a la universitat: estudi comparatiu del personal assalariat de les universitats públiques catalanes, Barcelona 1999, , p. 98
Following childless death of his wife, in 1882 Lamamié de Clairac y Trespalacios remarriedEl Siglo Futuro 31.10.19, available here with Celestina de la Colina Fernández-Cavada (1859-1946), the native of Burgos.she was daughter to Luis Esteban de la Colina y González de la Riva and Felipa Fernández-Cavada y Espadero The couple had at least 8 children, born when the father was in his 50s and 60s;José María Lamamié de Clairas was short and of very meager posture; it is not clear whether it was anyhow related to advanced age of his father upon conception 4 of them died in early infancy.born between 1885 and 1894, Jacinto, María del Carmen, María de la Paz and María de las Dolores died before reaching the teen age, Jacinto Lamamie de Clairac y de la Colina entry, [in:] Geni genealogical service, available here, Maria del Carmen Lamamie de Clairac y de la Colina entry, [in:] Geni genealogical service, available here, María de las Dolores Lamamie de Clairac y de la Colina entry, [in:] Geni genealogical service, available here José María was born as the third son, but as his oldest brother perished and the second oldest became a religious,Juan (1886-1963) served as a chaplain Cantabria, Juan Lamamie de Clairac y de la Colina entry, [in:] Geni genealogical service, available here it was him who inherited the family wealth.other surviving siblings identified were María Luisa (1883-1951), María Luisa Lamamie de Clairac y de la Colina entry, [in:] Geni genealogical service, available here, and María de la Purísima (1892-1954), María de la Purisima Lamamie de Clairac y de la Colina entry, [in:] Geni genealogical service, available - here Some sources suggest he received early education in the Salamanca Instituto General y Técnico,El Adelanto 20.06.05, available here others maintain that he frequented Seminario de Salamanca, then studied with “los jesuítas en Comillas”, and obtained bachillerato in the Jesuit Valladolid collegeJesús Maldonado Jiménez, Actitudes político religiosas de la minoría agraria de las Cortes Constituyentes de 1931 [PhD Universidad Complutense 1974], Madrid 2015, p. 179 in or around 1905.El Salmantino 19.02.18, available here He then studied law in ValladolidMaldonado Jiménez 2015, p. 179 and graduated with excellent marks in 1909;El Salmantino 09.10.09, available here some sources mention also his agricultural education.El Salmantino 19.02.18, available here
In 1910El Salmantino 02.04.10, available here Lamamié married a local girl, Sofía Alonso Moreno (1887-1970);Sofía Alonso Moreno entry, [in:] Geni genealogical service, available here she came from the local bourgeoisie family.her father, Tomás Alonso del Moral, was the native of Valladolid. Tomas Alonso del Moral entry, [in:] Geni genealogical service, available here. He was known as “conocido comerciante” and member of the local ayuntamiento and other bodies, El Fomento de Salamanca 31.01.98, available here. For her mother Aurea Moreno Brusi (1849-1937), the native of Salamanca, see Aurea Moreno Brusi entry, [in:] Geni genealogical service, available here They settled at Lamamié family estate in the Salamanca province, in-between Alba de Tormesit seems that among many estates owned, the Lamamies resided on the one named “Martillán”, Maldonado Jiménez 2015, p. 59 and Babilafuente.another location mentioned is San Cristóbal de Fuente, Maldonado Jiménez 2015, p. 59; it has not been identified. Another scholar claims that the Lamamie estates were located slightly elsewhere, namely in the Martillan county, Mary Vincent, Catholicism in the Second Republic: Religion and Politics in Salamanca, 1930-1936 [PhD thesis University of Oxford], Oxford 1991, p. 119 Though Lamamié is often referred in historiography as “rico ganadero y terrateniente”José Andrés Gallego, Antón M. Pazos, Archivo Gomá: documentos de la Guerra Civil, vol. 9, Madrid 2001, , p. 411. Another scholar claims that in case of José María Lamamié the references to cattle-breeding are erroneous, see Maldonado Jiménez 2015, p. 179. Indeed, in the 1940s and 1950s fairly frequent press notes to toros de lidia coming from the Lamamie ganaderia referred to Leopoldo Lamamié de Clairac, Imperio 15.08.54, available here or “grande terrateniente”Ángel Bahamonde, 14 de abril. La República, Madrid 2011, , p. 312 it is not clear what the actual size of his estates was. Various sources claim that the couple had 9Maldonado Jiménez 2015, p. 179 to 11Fallecimento Pe. Luis Lamamie de Clairac, [in:] Pjicohna blogspot 18.02.10, available here children. Raised in the very religious ambience,female children were educated by the Handmaids of the Sacred Heart, their five brothers went to the Jesuits in Madrid, Vincent 1991, p. 53; they were raised according to a very traditional model and address their father with the formal "usted", Vincent 1991, p. 268 at least 6 of them joined religious orders;at least two daughters became nuns, María Luisa and María del Pilar, see Ma. Teresa Camarero-Nuñez, Mi nombre nuevo, Magnificat, Madrid 1961 some served in America,a Jesuit friar Luis died in Brazil, Fallecimento Pe. Luis Lamamie de Clairac, [in:] Pjicohna blogspot 18.02.10, available here; see also a YT homage to Luis, available here. Also a Jesuit friar Ignacio died in Mexico, Agradecimiento a Dios y a vosotros, [in:] Vallisoletana Dosmil 3 (2004), p. 3 some grew to local prominenceJuan (another Jesuit) was headmaster of the Salamanca seminary, Juan Lamamie de Clairac Alonso SJ, [in:] La Nueva España 28.04.16, available here and one son was killed as a requeté chaplain in 1937.José María Lamamie de Clairac (1911-1937) perished during fightings in Sierra de Guadarrama in February 1937, Hermanos Lamamié de Clairac y Alonso, Recuerdos de la guerra: España 1936-1939: vividos y relatados por los autores, México 1991, , p. 155, see also Ramón Grande del Brio, José María Lamamie de Clairac y Alonso entry, [in:] Real Academia de Historia service, available here The family heir Tomás Lamamié de Clairac Alonso did not become a public figure, though he held high executive functions in SEAT and other companies.Ruth Whiteside (ed.), Major Financial Institutions of Europe 1994, London 1994, , p. 196 Neither the Lamamié de Clairac Delgado nor the Liaño Pacheco LamamiéMaria del Carmen Lamamie de Clairac Alonso entry, [in:] Geni genealogical service, available here. For details on the Liaño Pacheco y Lamamié de Clairac offspring see Jaime de Salazar y Acha, Estudio histórico sobre una familia extremeña, los Sánchez Arjona, Madrid 2000, , p. 531 grandchildren grew to prominence; the best known, Pilar Lamamié de Clairac Delgado, is a pediatrician.Dra Pilar Lamamie de Clairac Delgado, [in:] RuberInternacional service, available here
Early public activity