Below is list of historically documented heads of the Czech statehood in its various iterations, including rulers of Great Moravia in the period since 830 AD.
The first Czech monarchs Pre-Czech period Image Name Date Notes 0 Samo c. 600–c. 658 First written record in Chronicle of Fredegar (7th century). A Frankish merchant who unified several Slavic tribes against Avar raiders.
Legendary rulers of Bohemia (c. 644 - 870) + Legendary rulers Image Name Date Notes A praotec Čech (Pater Boemus) c. 644 - 661 according to 14th century Wenceslaus Hajek chronicle (disputed) Legendary founding father of the Czech statehood (in the area of Říp). In written record first mentioned in Chronica Boemorum (12th century) and in Wielkopolska Chronicle (early 14th century, Poland). ? Pause in written record. B Krok c. †709 Moved seat of power to Vyšehrad. In written record first mentioned in Chronica Boemorum (12th century). C Libuše c. 709+ Krok's daughter, legendary ancestor of the Přemyslid dynasty, founder of the city of Prague. In written record first mentioned in (10th century). D Přemysl the Ploughman c. 710s+ Husband of princess Libuše of non-royal origin, legendary ancestor of the Přemyslid dynasty. In written record first mentioned in (10th century). E Nezamysl (Simplicius) Probably son of Libuše and Přemysl. In written record first mentioned in Chronica Boemorum (12th century). F Mnata (The Wise) In written record first mentioned in Chronica Boemorum (12th century). G Vojen (The Fighting) In written record first mentioned in Chronica Boemorum (12th century). H Vnislav In written record first mentioned in Chronica Boemorum (12th century). I Křesomysl (The Inciter) In written record first mentioned in Chronica Boemorum (12th century). J Neklan In written record first mentioned in Chronica Boemorum (12th century). K Hostivít (The Welcomer) c †870 Neklan's son, purported father of duke Bořivoj I. In written record first mentioned in Chronica Boemorum (12th century). L Lech †805 First written record in 805 Annales Regni Francorum as being killed in battle by Charlemagne.
Principality of Great Moravia (830-906)
House of Mojmír Image Name Date Notes 1 Mojmír I c.830–846 First written record in Royal Frankish Annals (822). 2 Rastislav 846–870 Nephew of Mojmír I. First Christian ruler. Invited Cyril and Methodius. First written record in Annales Fuldenses (9th century). 3 Slavomír 871 (interim) Led a revolt against the Franks who had annexed Moravia during the incarceration of his relative, Svatopluk I. First written record in Annales Fuldenses (9th century). 4A Svatopluk I 871–894 Dethroned Rastislav in 870. First written record in Annales Fuldenses (9th century). 5 Mojmír II 894–906? Under his rule Bohemia seceded from Great Moravia in 895. Great Moravia began to disintegrate after his death. For later connection between Bohemia and Moravia see Moravia#Union with Bohemia.
Dukes and Kings of Bohemia under Přemyslid dynasty (c. 870–1306)
Přemyslid dynasty
Feuds of Bohemia and Moravia under Premyslid rule
+ Part of Great Moravia(until 907) Duchy ofBohemia(870–1198)Raised to:Kingdom ofBohemia(1198–1306)Part of Poland(999–1019) Duchy of Moravia(1019–1055)Duchy ofBrno(1st creation)(1055–1056)Duchy ofZnojmo(1st creation)(1055–1056)Duchy ofOlomouc(1st creation)(1055–1056) Duchy ofOlomouc(1061–1178)Duchy ofBrno(2nd creation)(1061–1182)Duchy ofZnojmo(2nd creation)(1092–1112) Duchy ofZnojmo(3rd creation)(1123–1182) Duchy of Moravia(Znojmo line)(1182–1191) Duchy of Moravia(1197–1222)
Table of rulers
RulerBornReignDeathRuling partConsortNotesBořivoj I852Son of Hostivít (?)According to a bold hypothesis by historian Jaroslav_Zástěra, the Premyslid dynasty was a possible direct descendant of the ruling family of Great_Moravia, being Borivoj a son of Rastislav_of_Moravia. See Hypotheses and citations of articles by J. Zástěry on the website of the Club of Friends of the Znojmo Rotunda (in Czech)870-883885-889889aged 35/6BohemiaLudmila of Bohemia873six children First documented ruler of the dynasty.Strojmír?c.883-885?Bohemia? Apparently a usurper.Bohemia annexed to Great Moravia (889-894)Spytihněv I882First son of Bořivoj I and Ludmila of Bohemia894-915915aged 32/3Bohemia(with Moravia since 907)Unmarried His reign restored Bohemian sovereignty.Vratislaus I(Vratislav)888Second son of Bořivoj I and Ludmila of Bohemia915 - 13 February 92113 February 921aged 32/3BohemiaDrahomírathree children Regencies of Ludmila of Bohemia (921) and Drahomíra (921-925)Known as St. Wenceslaus ("Good King Wenceslas" for English-speaking people), the patron saint of the Czech lands.Wenceslaus I the Good(Václav Dobrý)907StochovAccording to legend. See page of the duke for details.First son of Vratislaus I and Drahomíra13 February 921- 28 September 929/3528 September 929/35Stará Boleslavaged 21/2 or 27/8BohemiaUnmarried Boleslaus I the Cruel(Boleslav I. Ukrutný)915Prague (?)Second son of Vratislaus I and Drahomíra28 September 929/35 - July 972July 972aged 56/7BohemiaBiagotafour children Assassinated his brother to ascend to the ducal throne. Boleslaus II the Pious(Boleslav II. Pobožný)940Prague (?)Son of Boleslaus I and BiagotaJuly 972 - 7 February 9997 February 999aged 58/9BohemiaAdiva (of England?)four childrenEmma of Mělník(Emma of Italy (?))989no children Moravia is again lost, this time, to Poland, in 999. Boleslaus III the Red(Boleslav III. Ryšavý)965First son of Boleslaus II and Adiva7 February 999 - May 1002February - March 10031037aged 56/7BohemiaUnknown In 1002–04, Bohemia was invaded twice by Poland.Bohemia was annexed to Poland (1002–04): May 1002 - February 1003: Vladivoj (Władywoj), son of Mieszko I of Poland; March 1003 – 1004: Bolesław I the Brave, King of Poland.Jaromírc.970Second son of Boleslaus II and Adiva1004 - 12 April 10129 November 1034 - 10354 November 1038Lysá nad Labemaged 60/70BohemiaUnknown In 1004, Jaromir occupied Prague with a German army and proclaimed himself Bohemian duke, restoring the family's domain, albeit reduced. As brothers of Boleslaus III, Jaromir and Ulrich had a fight for the throne that lasted until 1034, when Ulrich died and Jaromir retired (and then murdered). Nevertheless, more land was at stake, as Moravia was reintegrated into Bohemia in 1019, after being reconquered from Poland, and given to Ulrich's son.Ulrich I(Oldřich)c.975Third son of Boleslaus II and Adiva12 April 1012 - 9 November 10349 November 1034 or 1042aged 59/60 or 66/7BohemiaBoženac.1002one child1033 - 9 November 1034MoraviaBretislaus I the Bohemian Achilles(Břetislav I. český Achilles)1002/5Son of Ulrich I and Božena1019/29 – 10339 November 1034 – 10 January 105510 January 1055aged 50/3 MoraviaJudith of Schweinfurt1020four children First separation of Moravia from Bohemia. His father usurped his place for a year. After his own death, his sons shared the inheritance.1035 - 10 January 1055 BohemiaSpytihněv II1031First son of Bretislaus I and Judith of Schweinfurt10 January 1055 - 28 January 106128 January 1061aged 29/30Bohemia(also in Moravia from 1056)Ida of Wettin1054one childChildren of Bretislav I, divided their inheritance: Spytihnev kept Bohemia; the others divided Moravia: Conrad received Brno; Vratislav got Olomouc; Otto inherited Znojmo. The division was made ineffective by Spytihnev (1055), who extended his rule to Moravia, uniting the whole Premyslid domain under his control. However, after his death (1061), the landless brothers recovered the inheritance and divided it differently, as Vratislav inherited Bohemia: Conrad recovered Brno but also received Otto's share in Znojmo; Otto received Vratislav's part in Olomouc. Vratislaus II(Vratislav II)c.1035Second son of Bretislaus I and Judith of Schweinfurt10 January 1055 – 105614 January 1092 OlomoucMariabefore 1057no childrenAdelaide of Hungary (I)1057four childrenŚwiętosława of Poland1062five children28 January 1061 - June 1085(as Duke)June 1085 - 14 January 1092(as King)BohemiaConrad I(Konrád I)c.1035Third son of Bretislaus I and Judith of Schweinfurt10 January 1055 – 105628 January 1061 - 6 September 10926 September 1092 Brno(with Znojmo since 1061)Wirpirk of Tengling1054two children14 January 1092 - 6 September 1092Bohemia Otto I the Fair(Ota Sličný)1045Fourth son of Bretislaus I and Judith of Schweinfurt10 January 1055 – 10569 June 1087aged 41/2ZnojmoEuphemia of Hungarybefore 1073two children28 January 1061 - 9 June 1087OlomoucBoleslaus(Boleslav) 1062First son of Otto I and Euphemia of Hungary9 June 1087 – 11 August 109111 August 1091aged 28/9OlomoucUnmarriedBretislaus II(Břetislav II)c.1060Son of Vratislaus II and Adelaide of Hungary (I)6 September 1092 - 22 December 110022 December 1100aged 39/40BohemiaLukarta of Bogen1094one childUlrich (II)(Oldřich)c.1070/80?First son of Conrad I and Wirpirk of Tengling6 September 1092 – 5 January 11135 January 1113aged c.33/43? Brno(with Znojmo since 1112)Adelaidetwo childrenChildren of Conrad I, divided the inheritance: Luitpold received Znojmo; Ulrich inherited Brno. Despite having heirs, Luitpold's land came to Ulrich's possession after his death. Conrad II, Luitpold's heir, would come to power in 1123.Luitpold (I)(Litold znojemský) c.1070/80?Second son of Conrad I and Wirpirk of Tengling6 September 1092 – 15 March 111215 March 1112aged c.32/42?ZnojmoIda of Austriaone childBořivoj IIc.1064PragueFirst son of Vratislaus II and Świętosława of Poland25 December 1100 - May 1107December 1117 - 16 August 11202 February 1124aged 39/40BohemiaHelbirga of AustriaOctober 1100Znojmono children Ruled twice. Retired in 1120.Svatopluk (I) the Lion(Svatopluk Olomoucký) 1075Second son of Otto I and Euphemia of Hungary11 August 1091 – 21 September 110921 September 1109aged 33/4OlomoucUnknownone child May 1107 – 21 September 1109BohemiaVladislaus I(Vladislav I)c.1065Second son of Vratislaus II and Świętosława of Poland21 September 1109 - December 111716 August 1120 - 12 April 112512 April 1125Pragueaged 59/60BohemiaRicheza of Berg1110/11four children Ruled twice. Sobeslaus Ic.1075Third son of Vratislaus II and Świętosława of Poland5 January 1113 – 112314 February 1140aged 64/5 Brno(with Znojmo)Adelaide of Hungary (II)1123five childrenRuled Brno and Znojmo,The intermission of other feudal lords of different branches could be seen as regencies, as it would happen, for example, in the 15-century Duchy of Austria, where Duke Frederick V exerted regency for his minor cousin, Ladislaus the Posthumous. However, these intermissions could be also similar, for example, to Kievan Rus', where rulers apparently "jumped" from place to place. Albeit this, nothing is proved. which split after his resign: Znojmo returned to its heir, Conrad II;