1892–93 United States Senate elections

The 1892–93 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with former Democratic President Grover Cleveland's return to power. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1892 and 1893, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.

The Republican Party lost nine seats, losing its majority to the Democratic Party. The Democratic majority, however, was minimal and did not last past the next Congress.

Results summary Senate party division, 53rd Congress (1893–1895)

Majority party: Democratic (43) Minority party: Republican (37) Other parties: Populist (3); Silver (1) Vacant: 4 Total seats: 88

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D P P R R Majority → R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R

Result of the elections

D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D V Majority with vacancies ↑ V R R R S P P P V V R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R

Beginning of the next Congress

D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D Majority with vacancies → R R R S P P P V V V R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R Key: D Democratic P Populist R Republican S Silver V Vacant

Race summaries

Elections during the 52nd Congress In these special elections the winners were seated during the 52nd Congress in 1892 or in 1893 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Maryland(Class 3) Charles H. Gibson Democratic 1891 Interim appointee elected January 21, 1892. Texas(Class 1) Horace Chilton Democratic 1891 Interim appointee lost election.New senator elected March 22, 1892.Democratic hold. Vermont(Class 1) Redfield Proctor Republican 1891 Interim appointee elected October 18, 1892.Winner was also elected to the next term. West Virginia(Class 2) John E. Kenna Democratic 18831889 Incumbent died January 11, 1893.New senator elected January 24, 1893.Democratic hold. Kentucky(Class 2) John G. Carlisle Democratic 1890 Incumbent resigned February 4, 1893.New senator elected February 15, 1893.Democratic hold.

In this special election, the winner was seated in the 53rd Congress, starting March 4, 1893.

State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Kansas(Class 2) Bishop W. Perkins Republican 1892 Interim appointee retired.New senator elected on January 25, 1893, but didn't qualify until the next Congress on March 4, 1893.Democratic gain.Immediately thereafter, another joint convention elected J. W. Ady, but that contest of Martin's election was "soon abandoned."

In this early regular election, the winner was seated in the 54th Congress, starting March 4, 1895.

State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Mississippi Edward C. Walthall Democratic 1885 1886 1889 Incumbent re-elected early on January 19, 1892, for the term beginning 1895.Walthall, however, had already been re-elected to next term.

Races leading to the 53rd Congress In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1893; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history California Charles N. Felton Republican 1891 Incumbent retired.New senator elected January 18, 1893.Democratic gain. Connecticut Joseph R. Hawley Republican 18811887 Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1893. Delaware George Gray Democratic 1885 1887 Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1893. Florida Samuel Pasco Democratic 1887 Legislature failed to elect.Democratic loss.Incumbent was later appointed, then elected; see below. Indiana David Turpie Democratic 1863 1863 1887 Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1893. Maine Eugene Hale Republican 18811887 Incumbent re-elected. First ballot Maryland Arthur P. Gorman Democratic 18801886 Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1892. Massachusetts Henry L. Dawes Republican 187518811887 Incumbent retired.New senator elected January 17, 1893.Republican hold. Michigan Francis B. Stockbridge Republican 1887 Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1893. Minnesota Cushman Davis Republican 1886 Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1893, on the second ballot. Mississippi James Z. George Democratic 18801886 Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1892. Missouri Francis Cockrell Democratic 187418811887 Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1893.: Montana Wilbur F. Sanders Republican 1890 Legislature failed to elect.Republican loss. Nebraska Algernon Paddock Republican 18751880 1886 Incumbent retired.New senator elected February 7, 1893, on the seventh ballot.Populist gain. Nevada William M. Stewart Republican 1887 Incumbent re-elected as a Silver January 24, 1893.Silver gain. New Jersey Rufus Blodgett Democratic 1886 Incumbent retired.New senator elected January 24, 1893.Democratic hold. New York Frank Hiscock Republican 1887 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected January 17, 1893.Democratic gain. North Dakota Lyman R. Casey Republican 1889 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected February 20, 1893, on the sixty-first ballot.Democratic gain. Ohio John Sherman Republican 1861 186618721877 18811886 Incumbent re-elected January 12, 1892. Pennsylvania Matthew Quay Republican 1887 Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1893. Rhode Island Nelson W. Aldrich Republican 1881 1886 Incumbent re-elected June 14, 1892. Tennessee Washington C. Whitthorne Democratic 1887 Incumbent retired or lost renomination.New senator elected January 17, 1893.Democratic hold. Texas Roger Q. Mills Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1893. Vermont Redfield Proctor Republican 1891 Interim appointee elected October 18, 1892.Winner was also elected to finish the current term; see above. Virginia John W. Daniel Democratic 1887 Incumbent had already been re-elected early December 16, 1891. Washington John B. Allen Republican 1889 Legislature failed to elect after 101 ballots on March 9, 1893.Republican loss. West Virginia Charles J. Faulkner Democratic 1887 Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1893. Wisconsin Philetus Sawyer Republican 1887 Incumbent retired.New senator elected January 27, 1893.Democratic gain. Wyoming Francis E. Warren Republican 1890 Legislature failed to elect.Republican loss.

Elections during the 53rd Congress In these elections, the winners were elected in 1893 after March 4, and seated in the 53rd Congress.

State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Florida(Class 1) Samuel Pasco Democratic 18871893 1893 Interim appointee elected April 20, 1893. Virginia(Class 2) Eppa Hunton Democratic 1892 Interim appointee elected December 19, 1893.

In this election, the winner was seated in the 54th Congress, starting March 4, 1895.

State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Virginia(Class 2) Eppa Hunton Democratic 1892 Interim appointee retired.New senator elected early December 19, 1893, for the term beginning in 1895.Democratic hold.

California

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Florida (regular)

Florida (special)

Indiana

Kansas (special)

Kentucky (special)

Maine

Maryland

Maryland (regular)

Arthur Pue Gorman won re-election against Lloyd Lowndes Jr. by a margin of 86.05%, or 74 votes, for the Class 1 seat.

Maryland (special)

Charles Hopper Gibson was elected to fill the seat vacated by Ephraim King Wilson II by a margin of 69.03%, or 78 votes, for the Class 3 seat.

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Mississippi (regular, class 1)

Mississippi (regular, class 2)

Early election for the term beginning in 1895.

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Jersey

New York

The New York election was held on January 18, 1893, by the New York State Legislature.

Incumbent Senator Frank Hiscock was elected to this seat in 1887, with his term to expire on March 3, 1893.

At the controversial State election in November 1891, 17 Democrats, 14 Republicans and 1 Independent were elected for a two-year term (1892-1893) in the State Senate. This was the only time a Democratic majority was seated in the State Senate between 1874 and 1910. At the State election in November 1892, 74 Democrats and 54 Republicans were elected for the session of 1893 to the Assembly. The 116th New York State Legislature met from January 3 to April 20, 1893, at Albany, New York.

The Democratic caucus met on January 10. 90 State legislators attended, only Assemblyman John Cooney, of Brooklyn, was absent due to illness. State Senator Amasa J. Parker Jr. presided. Edward Murphy Jr., a wealthy brewer of Troy, and Chairman of the Democratic State Committee, was nominated by a large majority. The New York Times had suggested earlier to nominate Carl Schurz, a former Republican U.S. Senator from Missouri and U.S. Secretary of the Interior, who lived now in New York City, but the political machines of upstate boss David B. Hill and Tammany Hall chose a loyal party machine man rather than an Ex-Republican advocate of civil service reform. Even President-elect Grover Cleveland had voiced his disapproval of Murphy, to no avail.

+1893 Democratic caucus Candidate First ballot Edward Murphy Jr. 85W. Bourke Cockran 5

The Republican caucus met on January 11. State Senator Thomas Hunter presided. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Frank Hiscock by acclamation.

Edward Murphy, Jr., was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected. State Senator James T. Edwards (32nd D.), of Randolph, voted for the defeated Republican vice presidential candidate of 1892, Whitelaw Reid.

+1893 United States Senator election House Democratic Republican RepublicanState Senate (32 members) Edward Murphy Jr. 17Frank Hiscock 12Whitelaw Reid 1State Assembly (128 members) Edward Murphy Jr. 73Frank Hiscock 52

Note: The votes were cast on January 17, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 18 to compare nominations, and declare the result.

When Murphy took his seat, for the first time since 1849 New York was represented by two Democrats in the U.S. Senate. Murphy served a single term, remaining in the U.S. Senate until March 3, 1899. In January 1899, Murphy was defeated for re-election by Republican Chauncey M. Depew.

North Dakota

Ohio

Pennsylvania

The election in Pennsylvania was held January 17, 1893. Incumbent Matthew Quay was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly.

Rhode Island

Tennessee

Texas

Texas (regular)

Texas (special)

Vermont

Vermont (regular)

Vermont (special)

Virginia

Virginia (regular, class 1)

Incumbent Senator John W. Daniel (who had been first elected in 1887) was re-elected in 1893.

Virginia (special, class 2)

Democratic incumbent John S. Barbour Jr. died May 14, 1892. Democrat Eppa Hunton was appointed May 28, 1892, to continue until a special election.

Hunton was elected December 20, 1893, to finish the term (ending March 1895).

Washington

West Virginia

West Virginia (regular)

West Virginia (special)

Wisconsin

Two-term Republican Philetus Sawyer retired and two-term Democratic congressman John L. Mitchell was elected to the next term. In the Wisconsin Legislature, Democrats had a majority, but it took 31 ballots for Democrats to pick Mitchell over fellow Democrats John H. Knight and Edward S. Bragg.

Wyoming

1892–93 United States Senate elections

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