The 1812–13 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with President James Madison's re-election. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1812 and 1813, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.

The Democratic-Republican Party lost two seats but still retained an overwhelming Senate majority. As in recent elections, the minority Federalist Party had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (6 out of 36, or 16.7%) that if they had won every one of the elections, they would still not have controlled a majority.

Change in composition

Before the elections Composition after September 1812 elections in the new state of Louisiana.

DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR Majority → DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR F F F F F F F

Result of the regular elections DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR Majority → DR V DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR V F F F F F F F Key: DR Democratic-Republican F Federalist V Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 12th Congress In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1812 or before March 4, 1813; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Louisiana(Class 2) None (new state) Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812.Inaugural senator elected September 3, 1812.Democratic-Republican gain. Louisiana(Class 3) None (new state) Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812.Inaugural senator elected September 3, 1812.Democratic-Republican gain. Louisiana(Class 2) Thomas Posey Democratic-Republican 1812 Jean Destréhan had resigned October 1, 1812 without having qualified.Interim successor appointed October 8, 1812.Interim appointee lost election.New senator elected February 4, 1813 on the second ballot.Democratic-Republican hold.

Races leading to the 13th Congress

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1813 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoralhistory Connecticut Chauncey Goodrich Federalist 1807 Incumbent re-elected in 1813. Georgia Charles Tait Democratic-Republican 1809 Incumbent re-elected in 1813. Kentucky John Pope Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent retired.New senator elected January 12, 1813 on the third ballot.Democratic-Republican hold. Louisiana Allan B. Magruder Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent retired or lost re-election.New senator elected in 1813.Democratic-Republican hold. Maryland Philip Reed Democratic-Republican 18061806 Incumbent retired or lost re-election.Legislature failed to elect.Democratic-Republican loss. New Hampshire Charles Cutts Federalist 1810 Incumbent lost re-election.Legislature failed to elect after 12 ballots.Federalist loss. New York John Smith Democratic-Republican 18041807 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected February 2, 1813.Federalist gain. North Carolina Jesse Franklin Democratic-Republican 17991804 1806 Incumbent retired.New senator elected in 1812.Democratic-Republican hold. Ohio Alexander Campbell Democratic-Republican 1809 Incumbent retired.New senator elected February 6, 1813.Democratic-Republican hold. Pennsylvania Andrew Gregg Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent retired.New senator elected December 8, 1812.Democratic-Republican hold. South Carolina John Gaillard Democratic-Republican 18041806 Incumbent re-elected in late 1812. Vermont Stephen R. Bradley Democratic-Republican 17911795 18011806 Incumbent retired.New senator elected October 21, 1812.Democratic-Republican hold.

Special elections during the 13th Congress In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1813 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Massachusetts(Class 1) James Lloyd Federalist 18081808 Resigned May 1, 1813.New senator elected May 5, 1813.Federalist hold. Connecticut(Class 3) Chauncey Goodrich Federalist 18071812 Incumbent resigned May 13, 1813 to become Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut.New senator elected May 13, 1813.Federalist hold. Maryland(Class 3) Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.New senator elected May 21, 1813.Federalist gain. Delaware(Class 2) James A. Bayard Federalist 180418051811 Resigned March 3, 1813.New senator elected May 21, 1813.Federalist hold. New Hampshire(Class 3) Charles Cutts Federalist 1810 1813 Interim appointee lost election.New senator elected June 10, 1813 on the second ballot.Federalist hold. Georgia(Class 2) William Bulloch Democratic-Republican 1813 Interim appointee retired or lost re-election.New senator elected November 6, 1813.Democratic-Republican hold.

Connecticut

Connecticut (regular)

Connecticut (special)

Delaware (special)

Georgia

Georgia (regular)

Georgia (special)

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maryland

Maryland (regular)

The Maryland legislature failed to elect a senator before the March 3, 1813, the beginning of the term. Robert Henry Goldsborough was appointed to fill the seat.

Maryland (special)

Robert H. Goldsborough won election over Edward Lloyd by a margin of 20.45%, or 18 votes, for the Class 3 seat.

Massachusetts (special)

New Hampshire

New Hampshire (regular)

New Hampshire (special)

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Pennsylvania

South Carolina

Vermont

See also 1812 United States elections 1812–13 United States House of Representatives elections 1812 United States presidential election 12th United States Congress 13th United States Congress

References

External links Party Division in the Senate, 1789–Present, via Senate.gov