The names used for some major European cities differ in different European and sometimes non-European languages. In some countries where there are two or more languages spoken, such as Belgium or Switzerland, dual forms may be used within the city itself, for example on signage. This is also the case in Ireland, despite a low level of actual usage of the Irish language. In other cases where a regional language is officially recognised, that form of the name may be used in the region, but not nationally. Examples include the Welsh language in Wales in the United Kingdom, and regional languages in parts of Italy and Spain.
There is a slow trend to return to the local name, which has been going on for a long time. In English Livorno is now used, the old English form of Leghorn having become antiquated at least a century ago. In some cases, such as the replacement of Danzig with Gdańsk, the official name has been changed more recently. Since 1995, the government of Ukraine has encouraged the use of Kyiv rather than Kiev.
N English name Other names or former names NaardenNaarden (Dutch), Naarnten – (Greek), Narden – (Armenian), Narden – (Macedonian, Russian, Ukrainian), Nardenas (Lithuanian), Nareudeon – (Korean), Naruden – (Japanese), Nʾrdn – (Hebrew), Nạrdn – (Arabic) Nagykanizsa Nagykanizsa or Kanizsa (Hungarian), Kan(j)iža (Croatian), Velika Kan(j)iža (Croatian, Großkirchen (German), Groß-Kanizsa (German), Velika Kaniža (Slovene), Kanije (Turkish), Velika Kanјiža – Велика Кањижа (Serbian). Námestovo Namestovas (Lithuanian*), Námestovo (Slovak*), Nāmestovo (Latvian*), Námesztó (Hungarian*), Namiestów (Polish*) Nemšová Nemsó (Hungarian*), Nemšová (Slovak*), Nemšová – (Serbian*) Namur Naemen (Zeelandic*), Namen (Dutch*, Western Frisian*), Name (Limbugish*), Nameur (Picard*, Walloon*), Namīra (Latvian*), Namiūras (Lithuanian*), Namouer (Luxembourgish*), Namur (French*, German*), Namür (Azerbaijani*, alternative German*), Namurcum (Latin*), Namuro (Esperanto*), Noamn (West Flemish*) Nancy Nanci (Portuguese, rare)*, Nancy (Dutch, English, French, German, Romanian), Nanzeg (Luxembourgish), Nanzig (old German, Rhine Franconian), 낸시 (Korean), Nansi – Нанси (Serbian). Nantes Nangteu/Nangt'ŭ - 낭트 (Korean), Nánti - Νάντη (Greek), Nantes (Dutch, French), Nanto - ナント (Japanese)*, Naoned/An Naoned (Breton)*, Naunnt (Gallo), Nant – Нант (Serbian) NaoussaNáousa - Νάουσα (Greek), Negush - Негуш (Macedonian, Bulgarian), Ağostos (Turkish) Naples Napule (Neapolitan), Napoli (Albanian*, Italian, Indonesian*, Finnish, Norwegian, Romanian, Scottish Gaelic*, Turkish), Napels (Afrikaans, Dutch, Frisian), Naples (French, Scots*), Naplez (Breton*), Napli (Maltese), Nápoles (Portuguese, Spanish), Napoles (Tagalog*) Nápoli - Νάπολη (modern Greek), Napolo (Esperanto), Nàpols (Catalan), Nápols (Aragonese), Nápoly (Hungarian), Nābūlī (Arabic), Napolli/Nap'olli - 나폴리 (Korean), Napori - ナポリ (Japanese)*, Napulj (Croatian, Serbian), Neapel (German, Swedish), Neapelj (Slovene), Neapol (Azeri, Czech, Polish, Slovak), Neapol' - Неаполь (Russian, Ukrainian), Neapole (Latvian, old Romanian), Neapolis (Latin, Lithuanian), Neápolis - Νεάπολις (ancient Greek), 拿坡里 (Chinese), Neapol - Неапол (Bulgarian), Neap'oli - ნეაპოლი (Georgian*) Narbonne Narbo or Narbo Martius (Latin), Narbona (Catalan, Italian, Occitan, Portuguese*, Spanish), Narbonne (Dutch, English, French, German, Romanian), Narbona – Нарбона (Serbian) Narvik Áhkanjárga (Northern Sami), Narviika (Northern Sami alternate), Narvique (Portuguese)*, Narwik (Polish), Narbhaig (Scottish Gaelic), Victoriahavn (former name 1887–98), Nareubikeu/Narŭbik'ŭ - 나르비크 (Korean) Navahrudak Naugardukas (Lithuanian), Navahradak - Наваградак (Belarusian, archaic), Nowogródek (Polish), Novogrudok - Новогрудок (Russian) Nerja Nerja (Spanish), Narixa (Arabic) Nesvady Nesvady (Slovak*), Naszvad (Hungarian*), Njesvadi (Serbo-Croatian*) NeufchâteauLi Tchestea (Walloon*), Neufchâteau (French*), Novum Castrum (Latin) Neuchâtel Neuchâtel (French, Romanian), Neuenburg (German), Nešatel – Нешател (Serbian), Nôchâtél (Arpitan) Newcastle upon Tyne An Caisteal Nuadh (Scottish Gaelic*), An Caisleán Nua (Irish), Nova Castra (Latin), Newcastle upon Tyne (Dutch *, French*, German*, Italian*, Polish*, Scots*, Spanish*, Welsh*), 纽卡素 (Chinese), Njukasl na Tajnu – Њукасл на Тајну (Serbian) Newport (Monmouthshire) Casnewydd (Welsh*, Irish, Scottish Gaelic), Novus Burgus (Latin), Njuport – Њупорт (Serbian) Nice Niça (Catalan*, Occitan), Nice (Albanian*, French*, Portuguese*, Scottish Gaelic*, Swedish*, Welsh* ), Nizza (Italian*, Finnish*, German*, Hungarian, Maltese, former Swedish*), Nica (Latvian, Lithuanian*, Slovene*), Nica or Nitsa - Ница (Belarusian, Bulgarian*, Serbian*), Nicaea (Latin)*, Nitstsa - Ницца (Russian)*, Nicea (Polish)*, Nico (Esperanto)*, Níkea - Νίκαια (Greek), Nis (Turkish), Nisa (Romanian)*, Nissa (Piedmontese, Occitan variant*, Provençal), Nīsu - ニース (Japanese)*, Nitsa – ნიცა (Georgian*), Niza (Spanish* Tagalog*), Niseu/Nisŭ - 니스 (Korean), 尼斯 (Chinese), نیس (Persian) NieuwpoortNieuport (French*, Occitan*), Nieuwpoort (Dutch*), Nieuwpôort (West Flemish*), Niuvportas (Lithuanian), Novus Portus (Latin) NieuwpoortN'ivport – (Russian), Nieuwpoort (Dutch), Nieuwpoorte (Zeelandic), Novus Portus (Latin), Nyuport – (Ukrainian), Nywbwrt – (Egyptian Arabic) NieuwstadtDe Nuujsjtad (Limburgish), N'ivstadt – (Russian), Nieuwstadt (Dutch), Niusutauto – (Japanese), Nwšṭʾdṭ – (Hebrew), Nyustadt – (Ukrainian) NijkerkNaikeruku – (Japanese), Najkerk – (Macedonian), Neikeoreukeu – (Korean), Neikerkas (Lithuanian), Nejkerk – (Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian), Neykerk – (Armenian), Niekark (Low Saxon), Nijkerk (Dutch), Nijkerke (Zeelandic), Nyqrq – (Hebrew) Nijmegen Nijmege (Limburgish), Nijmegen (Dutch*, Romanian), Nimega (Catalan, Italian, Portuguese variant, Spanish), Nimegue (Portuguese)*, Nimègue (French), Nîmegue (Walloon), Nimwege (local dialect), Nimwegen (German), Noviomagus, Oppidum Batavorum and Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum (Latin *), نایمیخن (Persian), Najmegen – Најмеген (Serbian), Nymwegen (Frisian) NinoveNiniva (Latin), Ninove (Dutch*), Ninovė (Lithuanian) Niort Niort (France, Spanish, Portuguese, German, Finnish, Italian, Polish, Romanian), Niōru - ニオール (Japanese)*, Novioritum (Latin), N'or - Ньор (Russian) Niš Nish (Albanian), Nis / Nisch (German), Nis / Nish (English, French), Niš - Ниш (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian), Niš (Slovak, Slovene), Niş (Turkish*), Niŝo (Esperanto), Nissa (English, traditional name, Italian), Nisz (Polish), Nix (Asturianu), Naissus (Latin) Nitra Litra (Turkish*), Neutra (German*), Nitra (Slovak*), Nitria (Latin*), Nitro (Esperanto*), Njitra (Serbo-Croatian*) Nyitra (Hungarian*), Nyitria (alternative Hungarian) Nivelles Neivel (Zeelandic*), Neyvel (West Flemish), Nijvel (Dutch*), Nivelles (French*), Nivele (Walloon*), Nivèle (Picard*), Nivelis (Lithuanian), Nivigella (Latin*) NorsjöNåarene (Southern Sami), Norsjö (Swedish), Nuoráne (Ume Sami) Nová BaňaKönigsberg (German*), Nová Baňa (Slovak*), Nova Banja (Serbo-Croatian*), Újbánya (Hungarian*) Nová DubnicaNeudubnitz (German*), Nová Dubnica (Slovak*), Nova Dubnica (Lithuanian*, Latvian*), Újtölgyes (Hungarian*) Nováky Anfänger (German*), Novāki (Latvian*), Nováky (Slovak*), Nyitranovák (Hungarian*) Nové Mesto nad VáhomNeustadt(l) an der Waag (German*), Nove Mestas prie Vaho (Lithuanian*), Nové Mesto nad Váhom (Slovak*), Nowe Miasto nad Wagiem (Polish*), Nove Mesto pie Vāhas (Latvian*), Vágújhely (Hungarian*), Vág-Újhely (alternative Hungarian), Waag-Neustadt(l) (alternative German) Nové ZámkyCastrum Novum (alternative Latin), Érsekújvár (Hungarian*), Neoselium (Latin*), Neuhäusel (German*), Nové Zámky (Slovak*), Uyvar (Turkish*) Nizhny Novgorod Ala osh - Ала ош (Moksha), Alauz'lidn (Veps), Aloosh - Алоош (Erzya), Alyn Novgorod - Алын Новгород (Sakha), Čulhula - Чулхула (Chuvash), Dood Novgorod - Доод Новгород (Mongol), Gorky (former name 1932–90), Lejasnovgoroda (former Latvian), Makarya - Макарья/Макаръя (Komi Permyak, Komi Zyrian), Nijeuninobeugorodeu/Nichŭninobŭgorodŭ - 니즈니노브고로드 (Korean), Nijgar - Нижгар (alternative name in Tatar)*, Nijni-Novgorod (French, Romanian, Turkish), Nischnij Nowgorod (German), Nižni Novgorod (Finnish, Serbian, Slovene), Nižni Noŭharad - Ніжні Ноўгарад (Belarusian), Nižnij Novgorod - Нижний Новгород (Russian), Nižnij Novgorod (Czech), Ņižņijnovgoroda (Latvian), Nižny Novgordas (Lithuanian), Nižný Novgorod (Slovak), Nowogród (Polish), Nyizsnyij Novgorod (Hungarian), Tübän Novgorod - Түбән Новгород (Tatar)*, Ugarman - Угарман (Hill Mari, Meadow Mari), Xiànuòfūgēluódé - 下诺夫哥罗德 (Chinese) Nottingham Nottingham (English), Nottinghamia (Latin), Snotingaham (Old English), Tig Guocobauc (Old Welsh) Novgorod see Veliky Novgorod Novi Sad Neoplanta (Latin), Neusatz (German), Nobisadeu / Nobisadŭ - 노비사드 (Korean)*, Novi Sad (Azeri, Croatian, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovene, Spanish), Novi Sad - Нови Сад (Bulgarian, Montenegrin, Macedonian, Ruthenian, Russian, Serbian), Novi Sadas (Lithuanian), Novisada (Latvian), Nový Sad (Czech, Slovak), Nowy Sad (Polish), Újvidék (Hungarian) Nowy Sącz Neu-Sandez (German), Nowy Sącz (Polish), Novy-Sonch - Новы-Сонч (Russian), Sandz - סאַנדז (Yiddish), Újszandec (old Hungarian) Nuoro Nugoro (Sardinian), Nuoro (Italian) Nuremberg Nürnberg (Estonian, Finnish, German, Indonesian*, Russian, Hungarian, Swedish, Norwegian, Scottish Gaelic*, Turkish, Slovene), Nämberch (Franconian), Näöreberg (Limburgish), Neurenberch (West Frisian), Neurenberg (Dutch), Niremvéryi - Νυρεμβέργη (Greek), Nirnberg – Нирнберг (Serbian), Nirnberga (Latvian), Niǔlúnbǎo - 纽伦堡 (Chinese), Niurnbergas (Lithuanian), Norimberg (Slovak), Norimberga (Italian), Norimberk (Czech, old Slovene), Nörnberg (Low Saxon), Norymberga (Polish), Nuremberg (Scots*), Núremberg (Spanish), Nurembergu (Albanian),Nuremberga (Portuguese), Nürenberg (Romanian), Nwireunbereukeu/Nwirŭnberŭk'ŭ - 뉘른베르크 (Korean), Nyurumberuku - ニュルンベルク (Japanese)*, نورمبرگ (Persian) Nuuk Godthåb (Danish)*
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