Events Pre-1600 610 – Heraclius arrives at Constantinople, kills Byzantine Emperor Phocas, and becomes emperor. 816 – King Louis the Pious is crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by the Pope. 869 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to depose patriarch Photios I. 1143 – With the signing of the Treaty of Zamora, King Alfonso VII of León and Castile recognises Portugal as a Kingdom. 1450 – Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria expels Jews from his jurisdiction. 1465 – King Louis XI of France is forced to sign the treaty of Conflans.
1601–1900 1607 – Assassins attempt to kill Venetian statesman and scientist Paolo Sarpi. 1672 – Jan Sobieski, Grand Hetman of the Polish Crown, begins his successful military campaign against the Tartars following their rebellion and an invasion by the Ottoman Empire. 1789 – French Revolution: The Women's March on Versailles effectively terminates royal authority. 1813 – War of 1812: The Army of the Northwest defeats a British and Native Canadian force threatening Detroit. 1869 – The Saxby Gale devastates the Bay of Fundy region in Canada. 1869 – The Eastman tunnel, in Minnesota, United States, collapses during construction, causing a landslide that nearly destroys St. Anthony Falls. 1877 – The Nez Perce War in the northwestern United States comes to an end. 1900 – Peace congress in Paris condemns British policy in South Africa and asserts Boer Republic's right to self-determination.
1901–present 1905 – The Wright brothers pilot the Wright Flyer III in a new world record flight of 24 miles in 39 minutes.(n.d.). 1903 Wright Flyer. National Air and Space Museum. https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/1903-wright-flyer/nasm_A19610048000#:~:text=They%20built%20refined%20versions%20of,miles)%20over%20a%20closed%20course. 1910 – In a revolution in Portugal the monarchy is overthrown and a republic is declared. 1911 – The Kowloon–Canton Railway commences service. 1914 – World War I: An aircraft successfully destroys another aircraft with gunfire for the first time. 1921 – The World Series is broadcast on radio for the first time. 1930 – British airship R101 crashes in France en route to India on its maiden voyage killing 48 people. 1931 – Clyde Edward Pangborn and Hugh Herndon, Jr. make the first nonstop flight across the Pacific Ocean in the plane Miss Veedol. 1936 – The Jarrow March sets off for London. 1938 – Holocaust: In Nazi Germany, Jews' passports are invalidated. 1943 – World War II: Pacific Theater: Ninety-eight American POWs are executed by Japanese forces on Wake Island. 1944 – The Provisional Government of the French Republic enfranchises women. 1945 – A six-month strike by Hollywood set decorators turns into a bloody riot at the gates of the Warner Brothers studio. 1947 – President Truman makes the first televised Oval Office address. 1962 – The first of the James Bond film series, based on the novels by Ian Fleming, Dr. No, is released in Britain. 1962 – The first Beatles single "Love Me Do" is released in Britain. 1963 – The United States suspends the Commercial Import Program in response to repression of the Buddhist majority by the regime of President Ngo Dinh Diem. 1966 – A reactor at the Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station near Detroit suffers a partial meltdown. 1968 – A Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association march in Derry is violently suppressed by police. 1970 – The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is founded in the United States. 1970 – The British Trade Commissioner, James Cross, is kidnapped by members of the Front de libération du Québec, triggering the October Crisis in Canada. 1974 – Bombs planted by the PIRA in pubs in Guildford kill four British soldiers and one civilian. 1978 – Brother Eddie Villanueva and 15 others from the Polytechnic University of the Philippines begin the Jesus Is Lord Church. 1982 – Tylenol products are recalled after bottles in Chicago laced with cyanide cause seven deaths. 1984 – Marc Garneau becomes the first Canadian in space. 1985 – Seven Israeli vacationers, including four children, are killed in a mass shooting at Ras Burqa in the Sinai Peninsula by an Egyptian soldier. 1988 – A Chilean opposition coalition defeats Augusto Pinochet in his re-election attempt. 1990 – After 150 years The Herald newspaper in Melbourne, Australia, is published for the last time as a separate newspaper. 1991 – An Indonesian Air Force C-130 crash kills 135 people. 1994 – Swiss police find the bodies of 48 members of the Order of the Solar Temple, who had died in a cult mass murder-suicide. 1999 – The Ladbroke Grove rail crash in West London kills 31 people. 2000 – Mass demonstrations in Serbia force the resignation of Slobodan Milošević. 2011 – In the Mekong River massacre, two Chinese cargo boats are hijacked and 13 crew members murdered. 2021 – Windows 11 is released to the general public.
Births
Pre-1600 1274 – Al-Dhahabi, Syrian scholar and historian (died 1348) 1338 – Alexios III of Trebizond (died 1390) 1377 – Louis II of Anjou (died 1417) 1422 – Catherine, Princess of Asturias, Spanish royal (died 1424)Instituto Salazar Y Castro: Tratado de genealogia, héràldica y derecho nobiliario: segundo curso de la Escuela de Genealogía, Heráldica y Nobiliaria]; Ediciones Hidalguia, 2001, 8489851336 1487 – Ludwig of Hanau-Lichtenberg, German nobleman (died 1553) 1520 – Alessandro Farnese, Italian cardinal and diplomat (died 1589) 1524 – Rani Durgavati, Queen of Gond (died 1564)
1601–1900 1609 – Paul Fleming, German physician and poet (died 1640) 1641 – Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan, French mistress of Louis XIV (died 1707) 1658 – Mary of Modena, Queen Consort of England, Scotland and Ireland (died 1718) 1687 – Maria Maddalena Martinengo, Italian nun (died 1737) 1703 – Jonathan Edwards, American pastor and theologian (died 1758) 1712 – Francesco Guardi, Italian painter (died 1793) 1713 – Denis Diderot, French philosopher and critic (died 1784)Arthur M. Wilson. Diderot: The Testing Years, 1713–1759. New York: Oxford University Press, 1957, p. 14 1715 – Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau, French economist and educator (died 1789) 1728 – Chevalier d'Éon, French diplomat and spy (died 1810) 1743 – Giuseppe Gazzaniga, Italian composer and educator (died 1818) 1781 – Bernard Bolzano, Czech mathematician and philosopher (died 1848) 1792 – Joseph Crosfield, English businessman (died 1844) 1795 – Alexander Keith, Scottish-Canadian brewer and politician, 13th Mayor of Halifax (died 1873) 1803 – Friedrich Bernhard Westphal, Danish-German painter (died 1844) 1816 – Ursula Frayne, Irish-Australian nun and missionary (died 1885) 1820 – David Wilber, American lawyer and politician (died 1890) 1824 – Henry Chadwick, English-American historian and author (died 1908) 1829 – Chester A. Arthur, American general, lawyer, and politician, 21st President of the United States (died 1886) 1841 – Philipp Mainländer, German philosopher (died 1876) 1844 – Francis William Reitz, South African lawyer and politician, 5th State President of the Orange Free State (died 1934) 1848 – Guido von List, Austrian-German journalist and poet (died 1919) 1850 – Sergey Muromtsev, Russian lawyer and politician (died 1910) 1856 – Peadar Toner Mac Fhionnlaoich, Irish author and playwright (died 1942) 1858 – Helen Churchill Candee, American journalist and author (died 1949) 1864 – Louis Lumière, French director and producer (died 1948) 1873 – Lucien Mérignac, French fencer (died 1941) 1877 – Mike O'Neill, Irish-American baseball player and manager (died 1959) 1878 – Louise Dresser, American actress (died 1965) 1879 – Francis Peyton Rous, American pathologist and virologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1970) 1882 – Robert H. Goddard, American physicist, engineer, and academic (died 1945) 1883 – Ernst Pittschau, German actor (died 1951) 1885 – Arunachalam Mahadeva, Sri Lankan politician and diplomat (died 1969) 1887 – René Cassin, French judge and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1976) 1887 – Manny Ziener, German actress (died 1972) 1888 – Mary Fuller, American actress and screenwriter (died 1973) 1889 – Teresa de la Parra, French-Venezuelan author and educator (died 1936) 1892 – Remington Kellogg, American zoologist and paleontologist (died 1969) 1894 – Bevil Rudd, South African runner and journalist (died 1948) 1895 – Walter Bedell Smith, U.S. Army general (WWII) and head of CIA (died 1961) 1898 – Nachum Gutman, Moldovan-Israeli painter and sculptor (died 1980) 1899 – Elda Anderson, American physicist and health researcher (died 1961)
1901–present 1901 – John Alton, Austrian-American director and cinematographer (died 1996) 1902 – Larry Fine, American comedian (died 1975) 1902 – Ray Kroc, American businessman and philanthropist (died 1984) 1903 – M. King Hubbert, American geophysicist and academic (died 1989) 1905 – John Hoyt, American actor (died 1991) 1905 – Harriet E. MacGibbon, American actress (died 1987) 1907 – Mrs. Miller, American novelty singer (died 1997) 1907 – Ragnar Nurkse, Estonian-American economist and academic (died 1959) 1908 – Mehmet Ali Aybar, Turkish lawyer and politician (died 1995) 1908 – Joshua Logan, American director and screenwriter (died 1988) 1911 – Pierre Dansereau, Canadian ecologist and academic (died 2011) 1911 – Brian O'Nolan, Irish author and playwright (died 1966) 1912 – Fritz Fischer, German physician and convicted war criminal (died 2003) 1913 – Eugene B. Fluckey, American admiral, Medal of Honor recipient (died 2007) 1914 – Zhang Zhen, Chinese general and politician (died 2015) 1916 – Stetson Kennedy, American author and activist (died 2011) 1917 – Allen Ludden, American television personality and game show host (died 1981) 1917 – Magda Szabó, Hungarian author and poet (died 2007) 1919 – Donald Pleasence, English actor (died 1995) 1921 – Bill Willis, American football player and coach (died 2007) 1922 – José Froilán González, Argentinian racing driver (died 2013) 1922 – Bil Keane, American cartoonist (died 2011) 1922 – Jock Stein, Scottish footballer and manager (died 1985) 1923 – Philip Berrigan, American priest and activist (died 2002) 1923 – Stig Dagerman, Swedish journalist and author (died 1954) 1923 – Albert Guðmundsson, Icelandic footballer and politician (died 1994) 1923 – Glynis Johns, British actress and singer (died 2024) 1923 – Kailashpati Mishra, Indian lawyer and politician, 18th Governor of Gujarat (died 2012) 1924 – Bill Dana, American actor, producer, and screenwriter (died 2017) 1924 – José Donoso, Chilean author (died 1996) 1924 – Barbara Kelly, Canadian actress and screenwriter (died 2007) 1924 – Frederic Morton, Austrian-American banker, journalist, and author (died 2015) 1924 – Bob Thaves, American cartoonist (died 2006) 1925 – Gail Davis, American actress (died 1997) 1925 – Herbert Kretzmer, South African-English journalist and songwriter (died 2020) 1925 – Walter Dale Miller, American lawyer and politician, 29th Governor of South Dakota (died 2015) 1926 – Avraham Adan, Israeli general (died 2012) 1926 – Willi Unsoeld, American mountaineer and educator (died 1979) 1928 – Louise Fitzhugh, American author and illustrator (died 1974) 1928 – Marjorie Finlay, American opera singer and television personality (died 2003) 1929 – Richard F. Gordon Jr., American captain, pilot, and astronaut (died 2017) 1929 – Bill Wirtz, American businessman (died 2007) 1930 – Pavel Popovich, Ukrainian general, pilot, and cosmonaut (died 2009) 1930 – Reinhard Selten, German economist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2016) 1931 – Rosalie Gower, Canadian nurse and politician (died 2013) 1932 – Neal Ascherson, Scottish journalist and author 1932 – Dean Prentice, Canadian ice hockey player (died 2019) 1932 – Michael John Rogers, English ornithologist and police officer (died 2006) 1933 – Doug Bailey, American political consultant, founded The Hotline (died 2013)