Events Pre-1600 316 – Constantine I defeats Licinius, who loses his European territories.For the consensus on dating of the battle of Cibalae in 316, see A.S. Christensen, L. Baerentzen, Lactantius the Historian, Museum Tusculanum Press, 1980, p.23, W. Treadgold, A history of the Byzantine State and Society, Stanford University Press, 1997, p. 34, D.S. Potter, p. 378 and C. Odahl, p. 164. For the alternative dating at 314 see, among others, Ramsay MacMullen, Constantine, Routledge, 1987, p. 67 and A. H. M. Jones, Constantine and the Conversion of Europe, The English University Press, 1948, p. 127 451 – The first session of the Council of Chalcedon begins. 876 – Frankish forces led by Louis the Younger prevent a West Frankish invasion and defeat emperor Charles II ("the Bald"). 1075 – Dmitar Zvonimir is crowned King of Croatia. 1200 – Isabella of Angoulême is crowned Queen consort of England. 1322 – Mladen II Šubić of Bribir is deposed as the Croatian Ban after the Battle of Bliska. 1480 – The Great Stand on the Ugra River puts an end to Tatar rule over Moscow 1573 – The Spanish siege of Alkmaar ends with the first Dutch victory in the Eighty Years' War.
1601–1900 1645 – Jeanne Mance opens the first lay hospital of North America in Montreal. 1813 – The Treaty of Ried is signed between Bavaria and Austria. 1821 – The Peruvian Navy is established during the War of Independence. 1829 – Stephenson's Rocket wins the Rainhill Trials. 1856 – The Second Opium War between several western powers and China begins with the Arrow Incident. 1862 – American Civil War: The Confederate invasion of Kentucky is halted at the Battle of Perryville. 1871 – Slash-and-burn land management, months of drought, and the passage of a strong cold front cause the Peshtigo Fire, the Great Chicago Fire and the Great Michigan Fires to break out. 1879 – War of the Pacific: The Chilean Navy defeats the Peruvian Navy in the Battle of Angamos. 1895 – Korean Empress Myeongseong is assassinated by Japanese infiltrators.
1901–present 1912 – The First Balkan War begins when Montenegro declares war against the Ottoman Empire. 1918 – World War I: Corporal Alvin C. York kills 28 German soldiers and captures 132, for which he was awarded the Medal of Honor. 1921 – KDKA in Pittsburgh's Forbes Field conducts the first live broadcast of a football game. 1939 – World War II: Germany annexes western Poland. 1941 – World War II: During the preliminaries of the Battle of Rostov, German forces reach the Sea of Azov with the capture of Mariupol. 1943 – World War II: Around 30 civilians are executed by Friedrich Schubert's paramilitary group in Kallikratis, Crete. 1944 – World War II: Captain Bobbie Brown earns a Medal of Honor for his actions during the Battle of Crucifix Hill, just outside Aachen. 1952 – The Harrow and Wealdstone rail crash in England kills 112 people. 1956 – The New York Yankees's Don Larsen pitches the only perfect game in a World Series. 1962 – Der Spiegel publishes an article disclosing the sorry state of the Bundeswehr, leading to accusations of treason. 1967 – Guerrilla leader Che Guevara and his men are captured in Bolivia. Guevara would be executed the next day. 1969 – The opening rally of the Days of Rage occurs, organized by the Weather Underground in Chicago. 1970 – Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn wins the Nobel Prize in literature. 1973 – Yom Kippur War: Israel loses more than 150 tanks in a failed attack on Egyptian-occupied positions. 1973 – Spyros Markezinis begins his 48-day term as prime minister in an abortive attempt to lead Greece to parliamentary rule. 1974 – Franklin National Bank collapses due to fraud and mismanagement; at the time it is the largest bank failure in the history of the United States. 1978 – Australia's Ken Warby sets the current world water speed record of 275.97 knots at Blowering Dam, Australia. 1982 – Poland bans Solidarity and all other trade unions. 1986 – An explosion occurred at the Cipel-Marco fur factory in Kwai Chung, Hong Kong, killing 14 and injuring 10. 1990 – First Intifada: Israeli police kill 17 Palestinians and wound over 100 near the Dome of the Rock. 1991 – Upon the expiration of the Brioni Agreement, Croatia and Slovenia sever all official relations with Yugoslavia. 2001 – A twin engine Cessna and a Scandinavian Airlines System jetliner collide in heavy fog during takeoff from Milan, Italy, killing 118 people. 2001 – U.S. president George W. Bush announces the establishment of the Office of Homeland Security. 2005 – The 7.6 Kashmir earthquake leaves 86,000–87,351 people dead, 69,000–75,266 injured, and 2.8 million homeless. 2014 – Thomas Eric Duncan, the first person in the United States to be diagnosed with Ebola, dies. 2016 – In the wake of Hurricane Matthew, the death toll rises to nearly 900. 2019 – About 200 Extinction Rebellion activists block the gates of Leinster House (parliament) in the Republic of Ireland. 2020 – Second Nagorno-Karabakh War: Azerbaijan twice deliberately targeted the Church of the Holy Savior Ghazanchetsots of Shusha.
Births Pre-1600 319 BC – Pyrrhus of Epirus (died 272 BC) 1150 – Narapatisithu, king of Burma (died 1211) 1515 – Margaret Douglas, daughter of Archibald Douglas (died 1578) 1551 – Giulio Caccini, Italian composer (died 1618) 1553 – Jacques Auguste de Thou, French historian (died 1617) 1585 – Heinrich Schütz, German organist and composer (died 1672)
1601–1900 1609 – John Clarke, English physician (died 1676) 1676 – Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro, Spanish monk and scholar (died 1764) 1713 – Yechezkel Landau, Polish rabbi and author (died 1793) 1715 – Michel Benoist, French scientist and missionary (died 1774) 1747 – Jean-François Rewbell, French lawyer and politician (died 1807) 1753 – Princess Sophia Albertina of Sweden (died 1829) 1765 – Harman Blennerhassett, English-Irish lawyer and politician (died 1831) 1789 – John Ruggles, American lawyer and politician (died 1874) 1789 – William Swainson, English-New Zealand ornithologist and entomologist (died 1855) 1807 – Harriet Taylor Mill, English philosopher and activist (died 1858) 1818 – John Henninger Reagan, American judge and politician, 3rd Confederate States Secretary of the Treasury (died 1905) 1834 – Walter Kittredge, American violinist and composer (died 1905) 1845 – Salomon Kalischer, German pianist, composer, and physicist (died 1924) 1847 – Rose Scott, Australian activist (died 1925) 1848 – Pierre De Geyter, Belgian composer (died 1932) 1850 – Henry Louis Le Châtelier, French chemist and academic (died 1936) 1860 – John D. Batten, British painter, printmaker and illustrator (died 1932) 1863 – Edythe Chapman, American actress (died 1948) 1864 – Ozias Leduc, Canadian painter and educator (died 1955) 1870 – Louis Vierne, French organist and composer (died 1937) 1872 – Mary Engle Pennington, American bacteriological chemist and refrigeration engineer (died 1952) 1873 – Ejnar Hertzsprung, Danish chemist and astronomer (died 1967) 1873 – Alexey Shchusev, Russian architect and academic, designed Lenin's Mausoleum (died 1949) 1875 – Laurence Doherty, English tennis player and golfer (died 1919) 1876 – Frederick Montague, 1st Baron Amwell, English lieutenant and politician (died 1966) 1877 – Hans Heysen, German-Australian painter (died 1968) 1879 – Huntley Gordon, Canadian-American actor (died 1956) 1882 – Harry McClintock, American singer-songwriter and poet (died 1957) 1883 – Dick Burnett, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1977) 1883 – Otto Heinrich Warburg, German physiologist and physician, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1970) 1884 – Walther von Reichenau, German field marshal (died 1942) 1887 – Ping Bodie, American baseball player (died 1961) 1887 – Donie Bush, American baseball player, manager, and team owner (died 1972) 1888 – Ernst Kretschmer, German psychiatrist and author (died 1964) 1889 – R. Fraser Armstrong, Canadian engineer (died 1983) 1889 – Collett E. Woolman, American businessman, co-founded Delta Air Lines (died 1966) 1890 – Snuffy Browne, Barbadian cricketer (died 1964) 1890 – Eddie Rickenbacker, American soldier and pilot, Medal of Honor recipient (died 1973) 1890 – Philippe Thys, Belgian cyclist (died 1971) 1892 – Marina Tsvetaeva, Russian poet and author (died 1941) 1893 – Clarence Williams, American pianist and composer (died 1965) 1895 – Zog I of Albania (died 1961) 1895 – Juan Perón, Argentinian general and politician, 29th President of Argentina (died 1974) 1896 – Julien Duvivier, French director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1967) 1897 – Rouben Mamoulian, Georgian-American director and screenwriter (died 1987) 1897 – Marcel Herrand, French actor (died 1953)
1901–present 1901 – Eivind Groven, Norwegian composer and theorist (died 1977) 1901 – Mark Oliphant, Australian physicist, humanitarian and politician, Governor of South Australia (died 2000) 1901 – Saumyendranath Tagore, Indian revolutionary and thinker, founder of the Revolutionary Communist Party of India (died 1974) 1903 – Georgy Geshev, Bulgarian chess player (died 1937) 1904 – Yves Giraud-Cabantous, French race car driver (died 1973) 1907 – Richard Sharpe Shaver, American author and illustrator (died 1975) 1908 – Ezekias Papaioannou, Greek-Cypriot politician (died 1988) 1910 – Kirk Alyn, American actor (died 1999) 1910 – Paulette Dubost, French actress (died 2011) 1910 – Gus Hall, American soldier and politician (died 2000) 1910 – Helmut Kallmeyer, German chemist and soldier (died 2006) 1910 – Ray Lewis, Canadian runner (died 2003) 1910 – Wally Moses, American baseball player (died 1990) 1913 – Robert R. Gilruth, American pilot and engineer (died 2000) 1913 – Marios Makrionitis, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Athens (died 1959) 1917 – Billy Conn, American boxer (died 1993) 1917 – Walter Lord, American historian and author (died 2002) 1917 – Danny Murtaugh, American baseball player, coach, and manager (died 1976) 1917 – Rodney Robert Porter, English biochemist and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1985) 1918 – Halfdan Hegtun, Norwegian radio host and politician (died 2012) 1918 – Jens Christian Skou, Danish chemist and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2018) 1919 – Jack McGrath, American race car driver (died 1955) 1919 – Kiichi Miyazawa, Japanese politician, 78th Prime Minister of Japan (died 2007) 1920 – Frank Herbert, American journalist, photographer, and author (died 1986) 1921 – Abraham Sarmiento, Filipino lawyer and jurist (died 2010) 1922 – Nils Liedholm, Swedish footballer, coach, and manager (died 2007) 1922 – Herbert B. Leonard, American production manager and producer (died 2006) 1924 – Alphons Egli, Swiss lawyer and politician, 77th President of the Swiss Confederation (died 2016) 1924 – Aloísio Lorscheider, Brazilian cardinal (died 2007) 1924 – Thirunalloor Karunakaran, Indian poet and scholar (died 2006) 1924 – John Nelder, English mathematician and statistician (died 2010) 1925 – Álvaro Magaña, Salvadoran economist and politician, President of El Salvador (died 2001) 1926 – Raaj Kumar, Indian police officer and actor (died 1996) 1927 – Jim Elliot, American missionary and translator (died 1956) 1927 – César Milstein, Argentinian-English biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2002) 1928 – Didi, Brazilian footballer and manager (died 2001) 1928 – M. Russell Ballard, American lieutenant and religious leader (died 2023) 1928 – Neil Harvey, Australian cricketer 1928 – Bill Maynard, English actor (died 2018) 1929 – Betty Boothroyd, English politician, British Speaker of the House of Commons (died 2023) 1930 – Pepper Adams, American saxophonist and composer (died 1986) 1930 – Alasdair Milne, Indian-English director and producer (died 2013) 1930 – Faith Ringgold, American painter and activist (died 2024) 1930 – Toru Takemitsu, Japanese composer and theorist (died 1996) 1931 – Bill Brown, Scottish footballer (died 2004) 1932 – Ray Reardon, Welsh snooker player and police officer (died 2024)