James Arthur Norman Butler, 6th Marquess of Ormonde, CVO, MC (25 April 1893 – 1971), was a British peer, Army Officer and Veteran of the First and Second World Wars. He was the son of James Arthur Wellington Foley Butler, 4th Marquess of Ormonde and Ellen Butler, Marchioness of Ormonde (née Stager).

Early life

James Arthur Norman Butler was born on 25 April 1893 at the home of his paternal grandmother Frances, Dowager Marchioness of Ormonde at 21 Park Lane, London. His parents were Lord Arthur Butler and Ellen, Lady Arthur Butler.

At the time of Arthur's birth, his father was the eldest surviving brother of James Butler, 3rd Marquess of Ormonde. The 3rd Marquess had no sons, and at the time of Arthur's parents' marriage it was considered likely that his father would inherit the family titles upon the death of the 3rd Marquess.

Arthur's father, also known as Arthur ('Lord Arthur Senior'), had been born the third son of John Butler, 2nd Marquess of Ormonde. The Butler Family were an ancient Anglo-Irish Aristocratic Family, and the family seat at Kilkenny Castle had been in their possession since 1391.

Lord Arthur Senior had a military background, having served as a British Army Officer in the 1st Life Guards. He later served as State Steward to Henry Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon during the latter's tenure as Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in 1885–86. The deaths of his father Lord Ormonde in 1854 and his older brother Lord Hubert Butler in 1867 had rendered him as the heir presumptive to the family titles, which were held by his elder brother the Third Marquess of Ormonde. Upon his older brother's marriage to Lady Elizabeth Grosvenor in 1876, it seemed likely that the Third Marquess would have a son who would supplant Lord Arthur Senior as heir to the family titles and estates. However, by the mid 1880s it had become apparent that the Third Marquess would not have a son, following the births of his daughters Lady Beatrice Butler and Lady Constance Butler in 1876 and 1879.

Despite his position as heir to the family titles, Lord Arthur Senior was not a wealthy man. He acted as Agent to his brother's estates, and surviving records indicate that his allowance from his brother was £500 per year. He divided his time between his mother's London Home at 21 Park Lane, Kilkenny Castle, and the family's shooting lodge Ballyknockane Lodge, Tipperary in Ireland, which had been built by his brother. The Ormondes also owned several hundred acres of land in Kent, England, which included the living at the Parish of Ulcombe, worth some £500 in the late 1800s. In 1898 the living at Ulcombe Rectory was given to Arthur's younger brother, Lord Theobald Butler.

His brother's lack of male heir after ten years of marriage may have spurned Lord Arthur Senior to marry and start a family of his own, given the increasingly likelihood that he and any sons he may father would be next in time to inherit the Ormonde titles and estates. Lord Arthur Senior became engaged to the American heiress Ellen Stager in 1886, and the pair were married in London in 1887.

Ellen was the daughter of U.S. Union General Anson Stager, who had played a key role in the development of the Union Wartime Telegraph Service during the U.S. Civil War. He made a large fortune in the post-war years, and was a business associate of the Vanderbilt family and Thomas Edison, and a friend of Robert Todd Lincoln. He became a well-known and respected figure in Chicago Society in the later decades of his life. Upon his death in 1885, Ellen inherited a third share of his $850,000 Estate. Whilst this amount was comparatively small when compared to the fortunes bought to Great Britain and Ireland by other American Heiresses in the late-nineteenth century, her income of $12,000 – $25,000 (£2,400 – £5,000) in the 1880s and 1890s it allowed her husband to maintain separate and independent households from his family. The deaths of her two older, childless sisters in the early 1920s, as well as growth in investment values resulted in Ellen's income from American Investments being £16,000 ($80,000) a year in 1930, indicating that her fortune grew to some $1,600,000 (£320,000) by the end of the 1920s.

During Arthur's childhood, his parents maintained a series of residences in both London and the English Home Counties. From 1895 to 1898 they leased Sandleford Priory, near Newbury,The Daily Telegraph, Tues, 5 March 1895; p. 5The Pall Mall Gazette, Monday, 2 May 1898; p. 8 and were recorded as living at Willesley House near Crankbrook, Kent in the 1901 Census. This Census also recorded that their household employed a large staff of domestic servants, including a Governess, Butler, Cook, two Footmen, three Housemaids, a Kitchen Maid, and a Nurse.

In mid-1901 Arthur's parents purchased Gennings Park, a large Manor House and Estate in Hunton, Kent.Evening Standard, Saturday, 29 June 1901, "The Estate Market", Page 1. This would remain as their country home until Lord Arthur Senior's death in 1943 and Ellen's death in 1951.

Lord Arthur Senior and Ellen also maintained a large townhouse in London at 7 Portman Square from early 1900 until 1925.The Pall Mall Gazette, Thursday, 18 January 1900, p. 5.Belfast News-Letter, 'Court and Society', Tuesday, 10 February 1925.

Arthur Junior was educated at Harrow, and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. His coming-of-age coincided with outbreak of the First World War, and he served with the British Army throughout the War. He was awarded the Military Cross in 1918.

1919 to 1949 Arthur's uncle Lord Ormonde died in 1919, and Arthur's father Lord Arthur Butler succeeded to the family titles as 4th Marquess of Ormonde, 22nd Earl of Ormond and 16th Earl of Ossory. As the younger son of a Marquess, Arthur became entitled to use the honorary prefix of 'Lord', and was thenceforth known as 'Lord Arthur Butler', as his own father had been prior to his accession as Lord Ormonde. The Ormonde Estates were inherited by Arthur's brother George, following their father's request that his inheritance be relinquished so as to not burden the family estates with inheritance taxes twice-over within a single generation. The estates had been valued at some £450,000 on the death of the Third Marquess, and this was substantially reduced due to the levying on some £160,000 in inheritance taxes on his death. By the time of his inheritance, Arthur's brother George (now known by the courtesy title Earl of Ossory) had had two children, Anthony and Moyra (now known by the courtesy titles Viscount Thurles and Lady Moyra), and Arthur's eventual succession to the family titles and estates would have seemed unlikely.

The new Lord Arthur Butler married Jessie Carlos Clarke, daughter of the renowned London Stockbroker Charles Carlos Clarke, on 26 January 1924. They had two daughters:

Lady Jane Butler (b. 9 January 1925, d. 22 October 1992) married Peter Heaton Mark Heaton (b. 1948) Lady Martha Butler (b. 14 January 1926, d. 12 August 2010) married Sir Ashley Charles Ponsonby, 2nd Bt Sir Charles Ashley Ponsonby, 3rd Bt (b. 1951) Rupert Spencer Ponsonby (b. 1953) Luke Arthur Ponsonby (b. 1957) John Piers Ponsonby (b. 1962)

Upon her marriage, Jesse became entitled to use the courtesy style of Lady Arthur Butler. In the month before their marriage, Arthur's mother, Ellen, Marchioness of Ormonde settled £16,000 in Trust upon Arthur, which was increased by £5,000 in October 1924. Based on surviving records regarding the settled capital sum and annual income from George, Earl of Ossory's Marriage Settlement, this Trust would have provided the new Lord and Lady Arthur Butler with an annual income of £750-£1,000 during the early years of their marriage.

In September 1930 Arthur and Jesse sailed to Egypt, where Arthur's regiment (The 17th/21st Lancers) were stationed, whilst their daughters remained in England in the care of Jesse's mother. By this time Arthur had reached the ranked of Major, and contemporary newspapers reported Major Lord Arthur Butler M.C. Lord Arthur Butler M.C. as being second-in-command of the regiment. Arthur later served as the Regiment's Commanding Officer from March 1931 until March 1935. In the same year he moved his family to Nobbscrook Farm in Windsor Forest, Berkshire.

Arthur was appointed a Gentleman-at-Arms in 1936, and served in World War II (1940–1945). The 1939 England and Wales Registers records Arthur as living at Nobscrook Farm with his wife Jesse and their two daughters, with a staff of three including a Cook, Housemaid and Domestic Children's Nurse.1939 England and Wales Register, The National Archives; Kew, London, England; 1939 Register; Reference: Rg 101/2076i, Ancestry.Com Operations, Inc., 2018. Retrieved 6 September 2023

The unexpected death of his nephew James Anthony Butler, Viscount Thurles, in 1940 made Arthur the heir presumptive to his brother George, Lord Ormonde.

Following the death of his father Arthur Butler, 4th Marquess of Ormonde, Lord Arthur moved his family to Gennings Park, Kent to live with his widowed mother Ellen, Dowager Marchioness of Ormonde.

Marquess of Ormonde In 1949 Arthur's elder brother George died, and Arthur succeeded him as Marquess of Ormonde, Earl of Ormond, Earl of Ossory, Viscount Thurles, Baron Butler and 30th Chief Butler of Ireland. Upon his accession as Lord Ormonde, he inherited a significantly reduced estate compared to the wealth and income which his Uncle and Brother had enjoyed. In 1893, the year of Arthur's birth, the Ormonde Estates had generated some £22,000 annually, but as a result of heavy taxation and the sale of much of the family's landed estate in Ireland and death duties, by 1950 the estate's annual income had been reduced to approximately £7,000. Furthermore, the family's ancestral home, Kilkenny Castle, had been vacated in the early 1930s by George, owing to the rising costs of maintaining the castle.

In 1951 Arthur applied for a Court Sanction of the sale of the Ancient 'Ormonde Manuscripts' for £20,000, which was approved in the Dublin High Court in on 21 June 1951. The actual sale had already been concluded by Arthur's brother George prior to his death, but this was later found to have lacked the necessary judicial approvals.

Upon his accession to the Marquessate, Arthur and his family continued to live with his mother Ellen at Gennings Park in Kent. He was the first Marquess of Ormonde to have not lived at Kilkenny Castle at some stage of his life, and one of the few Earls of Ormond who did not occupy the Castle during the Butler Family's 576-year period of ownership. Ellen died in 1951, and Arthur inherited the Gennings Estate. Now a prominent local landowner, he held the office of Deputy Lieutenant of Kent between 1952 and 1955. Both Lord and Lady Ormonde attended the Coronation of Elizabeth II at Westminster Abbey in 1953; Lady Ormonde wore Norman Hartnell gown.

Arthur and Jesse's daughters departed the family household following their respective marriages in 1945 and 1950. Gennings was sold in 1955, and in the same year Arthur and his wife Jesse (now Marquess and Marchioness of Ormonde) returned to Berkshire, where they purchased Cantley House in Wokingham.

Arthur served as High Steward of Wokingham from 1956, and was created Commander, Royal Victorian Order in 1960. He reached the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel and commander of his regiment, the 17/21st Lancers.

Sale of Kilkenny Castle