The following is a list of adjectival forms of former regions in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these former regions.
Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the final 's' or, in the case of -ese endings, are the same as the plural forms. The ending -men has feminine equivalent -women (e.g. an Irishman and a Scotswoman). The French terminations -ois / ais serve as both the singular and plural masculine; adding 'e' ( / ) makes them singular feminine; 'es' ( / ) makes them plural feminine. The Spanish termination "-o" usually denotes the masculine and is normally changed to feminine by dropping the "-o" and adding "-a". The plural forms are usually "-os" and "-as" respectively.
Adjectives ending -ish can be used as collective demonyms (e.g. the English, the Cornish). So can those ending in -ch / -tch (e.g. the French, the Dutch) provided they are pronounced with a 'ch' sound (e.g. the adjective Czech does not qualify).
Where an adjective is a link, the link is to the language or dialect of the same name. (Reference: Ethnologue, Languages of the World)
Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other things, sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words. (Sometimes, the use of one or more additional words is optional.) Notable examples are cheeses, cat breeds, dog breeds, and horse breeds. (See List of words derived from toponyms.)
Where an adjective is a link, the link is to the language or dialect of the same name. Name Adjective Demonym</tr> Abyssinia Abyssinian Abyssinians</tr> Acadia Acadian Acadians</tr> Akkadia Akkadian Akkadians</tr> Aksum, Axum Aksumite, Axumite Aksumites, Axumites</tr> Al-Andalus Andalusi Andalusis</tr> Annam Annamese, Annamite Annamese, Annamites</tr> Apacheria Apache Apache, Apaches</tr> Aridoamerica Aridoamerican Aridoamericans</tr> Artsakh Artsakhi Artsakhis</tr> Assyria Assyrian Assyrians</tr> Austria-Hungary Austro-Hungarian Austro-Hungarians, Austrians, Hungarians</tr> Azawad Azawadi Azawadis</tr> Aztec Empire Aztec Aztecs</tr> Babylonia Babylonian Babylonians</tr> Basutoland Basuto Basuto (singular Mosuto)</tr> Bechuanaland Bechuana Bechuanas</tr> Bessarabia Bessarabian Bessarabians</tr> Biafra Biafran Biafrans</tr> Bophuthatswana Bophuthatswanan Bophuthatswanans</tr> Burma Burmese Burmesea</tr> Byelorussia Byelorussian Byelorussians</tr> Byzantium Byzantine Byzantines</tr> Canaan Canaanite Canaanites</tr> Carthage Carthaginian Carthaginians</tr> Ceylon Ceylonese Ceylonese</tr> Champa Cham Chams</tr> Chola Empire Chola Cholas</tr> Circassia Circassian Circassians</tr> Ciskei Ciskeian Ciskeians</tr> Cisplatina Ciplatine Cisplatines</tr> Cochinchina Cochinchinese Cochinchinese</tr> Comancheria Comanche Comanche, Comanches</tr> Confederate, CSA Confederates </tr> Couto Misto Couto Mixtan Couto Mixtans</tr> Czechoslovakia Czechoslovak, Czechb(Czechoslovakian is incorrect, though frequent) Czechoslovaks, Czechs, Slovaks</tr> Dahomey Dahomeyan Dahomeyans</tr> Dalmatia Dalmatian Dalmatians</tr> Eastern Nigeria Easterner Easterners</tr> Elam Elamite, Elamitic, Elamitish Elamites</tr> Ellice Islands Ellicean Elliceans</tr> Etruria Etrurian, Etruscan Etruscans</tr> Formosa Formosan Formosans</tr> Francia Frankish Franks</tr> Gilbert Islands Gilbertese Gilbertese</tr> Gran Colombia Gran Colombian, Colombian Gran Colombians, Colombians</tr> Hittite Empire Hittite Hittites</tr> Hunnic Empire Hunnic, Hunnish Huns</tr> Ichkeria Ichkerian, Chechen Ichkerians, Chechens</tr> Inca Empire Inca, Incan Incas</tr> Kamerun Kamerunian Kamerunians</tr> Kampuchea Kampuchean Kampucheans</tr> Katanga Katangese Katangese</tr> Kievan Rus' Rus' Rus'</tr> Kongo Kongolese Kongolese</tr> Kush Kushite Kushites</tr> Lapland Laplandic Lappsc</tr> Lebowa Lebowan Lebowans</tr> Livonia Livonian Livonians, Livs</tr> Manchuria Manchurian Manchurians</tr> Malaya Malay, Malayan Malays, Malayans</tr> Memelland Memelandish Memellanders</tr> Mesoamerica Mesoamerican Mesoamericans</tr> Moldavia Moldavian Moldavians</tr> Mosquitia Mosquitian Mosquitians</tr> Muscovy, Moscovia Muscovite, Moscovian Muscovites</tr> Neutral Moresnet Moresnetic Moresnetters</tr> New Granada New Granadan New Granadans</tr> New Hebrides New Hebridean New Hebrideans</tr> Nyasaland Nyasa Nyasa, Nyasas</tr> Oasisamerica Oasisamerican Oasisamericans</tr> Ottoman Empire Ottoman Ottomans</tr> Panama Canal Zone Canal Zone Zonians</tr> Papal States Papal Papalini</tr> Parthia Parthian Parthians</tr> Peru-Bolivia Peru-Bolivian Peru-Bolivians, Peruvians, Bolivians</tr> Phoenicia Phoenician Phoenicians</tr> Pictland Pictish Picts</tr> Pomerania Pomeranian Pomeranians</tr> Prussia Prussian Prussians</tr> Purépecha Empire Purépecha Purépechas</tr> Rhodesia Rhodesian Rhodesians</tr> Rumelia Rumelian Rumelians</tr> Ruthenia Ruthenian, Ruthene Ruthenians, Ruthenes, East Slavs</tr> Rome Roman Romans</tr> Ryukyu Ryukyuan Ryukyuans</tr> Saint-Domingue Dominiguan, Saint-Dominguan Dominiguans, Saint-Dominguans</tr> Sandwich Islands Sandwich Island Sandwich Islanders</tr> Severia Severian Severians</tr> Siam Siamese Siamese</tr> Sonargaon Sonargaiya Sonargaiyas</tr> Sudetenland Sudeten Sudetenlanders</tr> Sumer Sumerian Sumerians</tr> South West Africa South West African South West Africans</tr> Soviet Union Soviet, Russiand Soviets, Russiansd</tr> Swabia Swabian Swabians</tr> Swaziland Swazi, Swati Swazis</tr> Tanganyika Tanganyikan Tanganyikans</tr> Tartary, Tartaria Tartar, Tartarian Tatars, Tartars</tr> Taurida, Tavria Tauridian </tr> Tonkin Tonkinese Tonkinese</tr> Transkei Transkeian Transkeians</tr> Transvaal Transvaaler Transvaalers</tr> Transylvania Transylvanian Transylvanians</tr> Trucial States Trucial Trucials</tr> Two Sicilies Duosicilian Regnicoli</tr> Ubangi-Shari Ubangi-Sharian Ubangi-Sharians</tr> United Arab Republic United Arab, Egyptiane, Syrianf United Arabs, Egyptianse, Syriansf</tr> Upper Volta Upper Voltan Upper Voltans</tr> Van Diemen's Land Van Diemonian Vandemonian</tr> Venda Vendan Venda, Vendas</tr> Vinland Vinlandic Vinlanders</tr> Wallachia Wallachian Wallachians</tr> Yugoslavia Yugoslav Yugoslavs, Yugoslavians; less commonly Jugoslavs, Jugoslavians "Yugos" (Derogatory, Cold War Vintage)</tr> Zaire Zairean Zaireans</tr> Zululand Zulu Zulu, Zulus</tr> aBurma is also known as Myanmar. b"Czech" is technically incorrect here, as it is also used to distinguish Czech people from Slovaks or other ethnic groups. c"Lapp" is regarded as offensive by the Sámi people, who prefer to be called Sámi and their homeland as Sápmi as opposed to Lapland. d"Russian" is technically incorrect here, as the Russian SFSR was one of several Soviet Republics. e"Egyptian" is technically incorrect here, as the Egyptian Arab Republic was only one part of the union alongside the Syrian Arab Republic until 1961. f"Syrian" is technically incorrect here, as the Syrian Arab Republic was only one part of the union alongside the Egyptian Arab Republic until 1961.
See also
Demonym List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names List of adjectivals and demonyms for astronomical bodies List of adjectivals and demonyms for continental regions List of adjectivals and demonyms for subcontinental regions List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations List of adjectivals and demonyms for Australia List of adjectivals and demonyms for Canada List of adjectivals and demonyms for India List of adjectivals and demonyms for Malaysia List of adjectivals and demonyms for Mexico List of adjectivals and demonyms for New Zealand List of adjectivals and demonyms for the Philippines List of adjectivals and demonyms for the United States List of adjectivals and demonyms for cities List of adjectivals and demonyms for former regions List of adjectivals and demonyms for Greco-Roman antiquity List of adjectivals and demonyms for fictional regions
References