Pyraustinae is a large subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae, the crambid snout moths. It currently includes about 1,280 species Most of them tropical but some found in temperate regions including both North America and Europe.
The subfamily Pyraustinae originally included the taxa now in Spilomelinae as tribe Spilomelini, with the taxa in the subfamily as now circumscribed treated as tribe Pyraustini. It has not been fully established yet which taxa of the Pyraustinae sensu lato belong to Pyraustinae as currently understood; thus the number of species in this subfamily is set to increase (although the Spilomelinae are the larger group of the old Pyraustinae).
Taxonomists' opinions differ as to the correct placement of the Crambidae, some authorities treating them as a subfamily (Crambinae) of the family Pyralidae. If this is done, Pyraustinae is usually treated as a separate subfamily within Pyralidae.
Pyraustinae are currently subdivided into three tribes: Euclastini, Portentomorphini and Pyraustini.
The Pyraustinae are characterised by atrophied spinula and venulae in the tympanal organs; a narrow fornix tympani; a longitudinal groove with androconial scales on the male mesothoracic tibiae; an often spinose antrum; and a sella (a medially directed clasper on the inside of the valvae), and an editum with modified setae on the male valvae.
Many species have larvae that bore into stems and fruit of plants, and several, notably from the genus Ostrinia, are serious agricultural pests.
Life cycle Life cycle of Saucrobotys futilalis
Pyraustinae taxonomy Pyraustinae currently comprise 171 genera: Acellalis Pagenstecher, 1884 Achyra Guenée, 1849 (= Achiria Sherborn, 1932, Achyria Sherborn, 1932, Dosara Walker, 1859, Eurycreon Lederer, 1863, Tritaea Meyrick, 1884) Adoxobotys Munroe, 1978 Aeolosma Meyrick, 1938 Aglaops Warren, 1892 (= Xanthopsamma Munroe & Mutuura, 1968) Anamalaia Munroe & Mutuura, 1969 Anania Hübner, 1823 (= Algedonia Lederer, 1863, Mutuuraia Munroe, 1976, Nealgedonia Munroe, 1976, Ametasia M. O. Martin, 1986, Ebulea Doubleday, 1849, Ennychia Treitschke, 1828, Ennichia Duponchel, 1833, Ethiobotys Maes, 1997, Eurrhypara Hübner, 1825, Palpita Hübner, 1806, Proteurrhypara Munroe & Mutuura, 1969, Opsibotys Warren, 1890, Perinephela Hübner, 1825, Perinephele Hübner, 1826, Perinephila Hampson, 1897, Phlyctaenia Hübner, 1825, Polyctaenia Hübner, 1826, Pronomis Munroe & Mutuura, 1968, Tenerobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1971, Trichovalva Amsel, 1956, Udonomeiga Mutuura, 1954) Ancyloptila Meyrick, 1889 Aplectropus Hampson in Walsingham & Hampson, 1896 Aponia Munroe, 1964 Arenochroa Munroe, 1976 Arunamalaia Rose & Kirti, 1987 Asphadastis Meyrick, 1934 Atomoclostis Meyrick, 1934 Aulacoptera Hampson, 1896 (= Aulacophora Swinhoe, 1895; preoccupied by Aulacophora Dejean, 1835) Aurorobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1971 Authaeretis Meyrick, 1886 (= Anthaeretis Carus, 1887) Auxolophotis Meyrick, 1933 Betousa Walker, 1865 (= Neothyris Warren, 1899) Burathema Walker, 1863 Calamochrous Lederer, 1863 (= Calamochrosta Lederer, 1863) Callibotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969 Carminibotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1971 Catapsephis Hampson, 1899 Ceuthobotys Munroe, 1978 Cheloterma Meyrick, 1933 Chilochroma Amsel, 1956 Chilocorsia Munroe, 1964 Chilopionea Munroe, 1964 Chobera Moore, 1888 (= Thliptoceras Warren in Swinhoe, 1890, Mimocomma Warren, 1895, Parudea Swinhoe, 1900, Polychorista Warren, 1896) Circobotys Butler, 1879 Clatrodes Marion & Viette, 1953 Coelobathra Turner, 1908 Coptobasoides Janse, 1935 Crocidophora Lederer, 1863 (= Crocidosema Lederer, 1863, Monocrocis Warren, 1895) Crypsiptya Meyrick, 1894 (= Coclebotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969) Cryptosara E. L. Martin, 1956 Cybalobotys Maes, 2001 Cyclarcha Swinhoe, 1894 Daunabotys Maes, 2004 Decelia Snellen, 1880 Deltobotys Munroe, 1964 Demobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969 Drachma Bryk, 1913 Duzulla Amsel, 1952 Ecpyrrhorrhoe Hübner, 1825 (= Ecpyrrhorrhoa J. L. R. Agassiz, 1846, Ecpyrrhorrhoea Hübner, 1826, Harpadispar Agenjo, 1952, Pyraustegia Marion, 1963, Yezobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969) Elosita Snellen, 1899 Emphylica Turner, 1913 Endographis Meyrick, 1894 Endotrichella Collins, 1962 (= Endotrichodes Hampson, 1919) Enyocera Snellen, 1880 Epicorsia Hübner, 1818 (= Episcorsia Hübner, 1826) Epiecia Walker, 1866 Epiparbattia Caradja, 1925 Eretmopteryx Saalmüller, 1884 Erinothus Hampson, 1899 Euclasta Lederer, 1855 (= Ilurgia Walker, 1859, Proteuclasta Munroe, 1958) Eumaragma Meyrick, 1933 Eumorphobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969 Euphyciodes Marion, 1954 Exeristis Meyrick, 1886 Fumibotys Munroe, 1976 Glyphidomarptis Meyrick, 1936 Gnamptorhiza Warren, 1896 Gynenomis Munroe & Mutuura, 1968 Gyptitia Snellen, 1883 Hahncappsia Munroe, 1976 Haplochytis Meyrick, 1933 Helvibotys Munroe, 1976 Herpetobotys Maes, 2001 Hutuna Whalley, 1962 Hyalobathra Meyrick, 1885 (= Leucocraspeda Warren, 1890) Hyalorista Warren, 1892 (= Pyraustopsis Amsel, 1956) Hyphercyna Sauber, 1899 Idiusia Warren, 1896 Ischnoscopa Meyrick, 1894 Isocentris Meyrick, 1887 Lampridia Snellen, 1880 Lamprophaia Caradja, 1925 Lepidoplaga Warren, 1895 Leptosophista Meyrick, 1938 Limbobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1970 Lirabotys J. C. Shaffer & Munroe, 2007 Lotanga Moore, 1886 Loxoneptera Hampson, 1896 Loxostege Hübner, 1825 (= Boreophila Duponchel, 1845, Cosmocreon Warren, 1892, Leimonia Hübner, 1825, Limonia J. L. R. Agassiz, 1847, Margaritia Stephens, 1827, Parasitochroa Hannemann, 1964, Maroa Barnes & McDunnough, 1914, Meridiophila Marion, 1963, Polingia Barnes & McDunnough, 1914) Lumenia de Joannis, 1929 Mabra Moore, 1885 (= Neurophruda Warren, 1896, Neophruda Hampson, 1897, Streptobela Turner, 1937) Macrospectrodes Warren, 1896 Megatarsodes Marion, 1954 Metaprotus Hampson, 1899 Metasiodes Meyrick, 1894 Mimasarta Ragonot, 1894 Monocoptopera Hampson, 1899 Monodonta Kenrick, 1907 Munroeodes Amsel, 1957 (= Munroeia Amsel, 1954) Nacoleiopsis Matsumura, 1925 Nascia J. Curtis, 1835 Neadeloides Klima, 1939 (= Adeloides Warren, 1892) Neoepicorsia Munroe, 1964 Neohelvibotys Munroe, 1976 Nephelobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1970 Nephelolychnis Meyrick, 1933 Niphostola Hampson, 1896 Nomis Motschulsky, 1861 Nymphulosis Amsel, 1959 Oenobotys Munroe, 1976 Oligocentris Hampson, 1896 Oronomis Munroe & Mutuura, 1968 Ostrinia Hübner, 1825 (= Eupolemarcha Meyrick, 1937, Micractis Warren, 1892, Zeaphagus Agenjo, 1952) Pagyda Walker, 1859 Palepicorsia Maes, 1995 Paliga Moore, 1886 (= Eutectona Wang & Sung, 1980) Paracentristis Meyrick, 1934 Paracorsia Marion, 1959 Paranomis Munroe & Mutuura, 1968 Paratalanta Meyrick, 1890 (= Microstega Meyrick, 1890) Parbattia Moore, 1888 Paschiodes Hampson, 1913 Patissodes Hampson, 1919 Peribona Snellen, 1895 (= Radiorista Warren, 1896) Perispasta Zeller, 1875 Pimelephila Tams, 1930 Pioneabathra J. C. Shaffer & Munroe, 2007 Placosaris Meyrick, 1897 (= Xanthelectris Meyrick, 1938) Platytesis Hampson, 1919 Portentomorpha Amsel, 1956 (= Apoecetes Munroe, 1956) Powysia Maes, 2006 Preneopogon Warren, 1896 Proconica Hampson, 1899 Prodasycnemis Warren, 1892 Prodelophanes Meyrick, 1937 Prooedema Hampson, 1896 Protepicorsia Munroe, 1964 Protinopalpa Strand, 1911 Protinopalpella Strand, 1911 Prototyla Meyrick, 1933 Psammotis Hübner, 1825 (= Lemia Duponchel, 1845, Lemiodes Guenée, 1854, Psamotis Hübner, 1825) Pseudepicorsia Munroe, 1964 Pseudognathobotys Maes, 2001 Pseudopagyda Slamka, 2013 Pseudopolygrammodes Munroe & Mutuura, 1969 Pseudopyrausta Amsel, 1956 Ptiladarcha Meyrick, 1933 Pyralausta Hampson, 1913 Pyrasia M. O. Martin, 1986 Pyrausta Schrank, 1802 (= Aplographe Warren, 1892, Autocosmia Warren, 1892, Botys Latreille, 1802, Botis Swainson, , Ostreophena Sodoffsky, 1837, Ostreophana Sodoffsky, 1837, Botis J. L. R. Agassiz, 1847, Heliaca Hübner, 1806, Cindaphia Lederer, 1863, Haematia Hübner, 1818, Heliaca Hübner, 1822, Heliaca Hübner, 1818, Heliaca Hübner, 1808, Herbula Guenée, 1854, Hyaloscia Dognin, 1908, Mardinia Amsel, 1952, Panstegia Hübner, 1825, Perilypa Hübner, 1825, Porphyritis Hübner, 1825, Proteroeca Meyrick, 1884, Pyrausta Hübner, 1825, Anthocrypta Warren, 1892, Pyraustes Billberg, 1820, Sciorista Warren, 1890, Rattana Rose & Pajni, 1979, Syllythria Hübner, 1825, Rhodaria Guenée, 1845, Synchromia Guenée, 1854, Tholeria Hübner, 1823, Trigonuncus Amsel, 1952) Pyraustimorpha Kocak & Seven, 1995 Pyraustomorpha Maes, 2014 Rodaba Moore, 1888 Sarabotys Munroe, 1964 Saucrobotys Munroe, 1976 Scirpobotys Seizmair, 2021 Sclerocona Meyrick, 1890 Semniomima Warren, 1892 Sericoplaga Warren, 1892 Sinibotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969 Sitochroa Hübner, 1825 (= Spilodes Guenée, 1849) Spinoscuncus Chen, Zhang & Li, 2018 Stenochora Warren, 1892 Tetridia Warren, 1890 Thivolleo Maes, 2006 Thysanodesma Butler, 1889 Tipuliforma Kenrick, 1907 Tirsa J. F. G. Clarke, 1971 Togabotys Yamanaka, 1978 Torulisquama Zhang & Li, 2010 Toxobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1968 Trigamozeucta Meyrick, 1937 Triuncidia Munroe, 1976 Uresiphita Hübner, 1825 (= Mecyna Guenée, 1854, Uresiphoeta J. L. R. Agassiz, 1847) Vittabotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1970 Xanthostege Munroe, 1976 Yezobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969
See also List of crambid genera
References
External links