Ercolani is an Italian-language surname. Notable people with the name include:
Domenica Ercolani (1910–2023), Italian supercentenarian Giorgio Ercolani (1926–2018), Italian former sports shooter Giovanni Battista Ercolani (1817–1883), Italian veterinarian Lucian Ercolani (1888–1976), Italian furniture designer Milena Ercolani (born 1963), Sammarinese poet and novelist James William Ercolani, birth name of James Darren (1936–2024), Italian-American actor