Rav Chisda

Rav Ḥisda () was a Jewish Talmudist who lived in Kafri, Asoristan in Lower Mesopotamia near what is now the city of Najaf, Iraq. He was an amora of the third generation (died c. 320 CE= 308-309; Sherira Gaon, in Neubauer, "M. J. C." i. 30; in 300, according to Abraham ibn Daud, "Sefer ha-Kabbalah," in Neubauer, l.c. p. 58 at the age of ninety-twoMoed Kattan 28a), and is mentioned frequently in the Talmud.

Biography Rav Ḥisda descended from a priestly family.Berachot 44a He studied under Abba Arikha "Rav", who was his principal teacher and after the latter's death he attended the lectures of Rav Huna, a companion of the same age. The pair were called "the Hasidim of Babylon".Ta'anit 23b Rav Ḥisda was also among those called tzadikim, those who could bring down rain by their prayers.

At first, he was so poor that he abstained from vegetables because they increased his appetite,Shabbat 140b and when he walked in thorny places he raised his garments, saying: "The breaches in my legs will heal of themselves but the breaches in my garments will not".Bava Kamma 91b At the age of sixteen he married the daughter of Hanan bar RavaKiddushin 29b and together they had seven or more sons and two daughters. Later, as a brewer, he became very wealthy.Pesachim 113a; Moed Kattan 28a Two of his pupils, Rami bar Hama and later Rava, married Rav Chisda's daughter.Niddah 61b

Rav Ḥisda was a great casuist,Eruvin 67a his acute mind greatly enhanced the fame of Rav Huna's academy in Sura, but his very acuteness indirectly caused a rupture between himself and Rav Huna. The separation was brought about by a question from Rav Ḥisda as to the obligations of a disciple toward a master to whom he is indispensable. Rav Huna saw the point and said, "Ḥisda, I do not need you; it is you that needs me!". Forty years passed before they became reconciled.Bava Metzia 33a Rav Ḥisda nevertheless held Rav Huna in great esteem, and although he had established a school built at his own expense in Mata Mehasya four years before Rav Huna's death,Sherira, l.c. he never published any decision during Rav Huna's lifetime.Eruvin 62b Rav Huna came to recognize Rav Ḥisda's merit later and recommended his son, Rabbah bar Rav Huna, to attend his lectures.Shabbat 82a

Rav Ḥisda also presided over Sura for ten years following the death of Judah bar Ezekiel,298-299; Sherira, l.c. or following the death of Rav Huna, according to Abraham ibn Daud.l.c. He always preserved great respect for the memory of Abba Arikha, whom he referred to as "our great teacher, may God aid him".Sukkah 33a, passim Once, holding up the gifts which are given to the kohenim, he declared that he would give them to the man who could cite a previously unknown halakha in the name of Abba Arikha.Shabbat 10b After Rav Ḥisda's death, no one succeeded him as the rosh mesivta of Sura and the central Talmudic authority passed to Rabbah in Pumbedita.

Teachings Rav Ḥisda's halakhot are frequent throughout the Babylonian Talmud, some being given on the authority of his pupils. His principal opponent was Sheshet. Besides deducing his halakhot in a casuistic way, Rav Ḥisda was peculiar in that he derived his halakhot less from the Torah than from other parts of the Bible.

Rav Ḥisda was also an authority in aggadah, and employed special assistants to lecture in that department.Eruvin 21b Many ethical teachings by him have been preservedSee especially Shabbat 140b for students, such as: "Forbearance on the part of a father toward his child may be permitted, but not forbearance on the part of a master toward his disciple" Kiddushin 32a and "He who opposes his master is as though he opposed the Shekhinah".Sanhedrin 110a It was said that the Angel of Death, not being able to approach Rav Ḥisda because he never ceased from studying, cleft the trunk of a cedar-tree. Terrified by the noise, Rav Ḥisda interrupted his studies, whereupon the angel took his soul.Makkot 10a

Rav Chisda's remains are said to have been brought to Jamnia in Upper Galilee for burial.

Rav Chisda

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