The Kotlin class is a NATO reporting name for Project 56 Spokoiny (Спокойный, "tranquil"), a class of Cold War era destroyers built for the Soviet Navy. 27 ships were built between 1955 and 1958; they were all decommissioned in the late 1980s. The is based on the design of the Kotlins. The Chinese Luda class which is based on the Soviet , also borrows some design concepts from the Kotlin class.
Design This design was a smaller version of the Neustrashimy-class destroyer which was seen as being too large and expensive for economic series production, as well as too slow. Detailed design changes eliminated some of the problems seen during trials of Neustrashimy. A production run of 100 ships was planned but this was curtailed because of the advent of the guided missile. 32 were ordered, but four ships were completed as the Kildin class (Project 56E/EM). The last vessel was canceled.
11 ships (Project 56PLO, "Kotlin Mod.") were modified for enhanced ASW capabilities by adding rocket depth charge launchers.
In 1962, the Soviet Navy installed the navalized version of the S-125 Neva, the SA-N-1 'Goa', to a surface-to-air missile Kotlin-class destroyer, Bravy (also spelled Bravyy/Bravyi) for testing. The system used the 4K90 (V-600) missile that could engage targets at distances from and altitudes of . Fire control and guidance was provided by 4R90 Yatagan radar. The system could track only one target at a time. The missiles were loaded on the dual-arm ZIF-101 launcher, with under-deck magazine storage for 16 more.
The Soviet Navy would eventually retrofit seven Kotlin-class ships to carry SAMs; these ships were known to NATO as the Kotlin SAM class (Project 56A). One more was modified and sold to Poland (Project 56AE, being the only Project 56 destroyer exported). Later versions of the SAM system, such as the Volna-M (SA-N-1B), the Volna-P, and Volna-N provided greater missile range and capability.
Ships
Ship Russian Builder Launched Commissioned Modernisation Decommissioned Spokoiny Спокойный - "Peaceful" Zhdanov, Leningrad 28 November 1953 27 June 1956 none 19 April 1990 Svetly Светлый - "Bright" (or "Light") 27 October 195317 September 1955 none25 April 1989Speshny Спешный - "Rapid"7 August 195430 September 1955none25 April 1989Skromny Скромный - "Modest"26 October 195430 December 1955SAM (56A)25 April 1989Svedushchy Сведущий - "Knowledgeable"17 February 195531 January 1956SAM (56A)8 April 1992Smyshleny Смышленый - "Sharp (quickwitted)"24 May 195528 June 1956ASW (56PLO)22 June 1986Skrytny Скрытный - "Secretive"27 September 195530 September 1956none25 April 1989Soznatelny Сознательный - "Aware"15 January 195631 October 1956SAM (56A)1 March 1988Spravedlivy Справедливый - "Just"12 April 195620 December 1956SAM (56AE)Transferred to the Polish navy as in 1970Nesokrushimy Несокрушимый - "Indestructible"20 July 195630 June 1957SAM (56A)27 July 1991Nakhodchivy Находчивый - "Resourceful"30 October 195618 December 1957SAM (56A)25 April 1989Nastoychivy Настойчивый - "Persistent"23 April 195730 November 1958SAM (56A)25 April 1989Byvalvy Бывалый - "Experienced" Nikolayev31 March 195421 December 1955 ASW (56PLO)17 July 1988Bravy Бравый - "Brave"25 July 19539 January 1956SAM (56K)30 July 1987Bessledny Бесследный - "Untraceable"1 April 195431 October 1956ASW (56PLO)8 April 1988Burlivy Бурливый - "Turbulent" or "Tempestuous"5 May 195428 December 1956ASW (56PLO)25 May 1989Blagorodny Благородный - "Noble"5 March 195518 July 1957ASW (56PLO)25 April 1989Blestyashchy Блестящий - "Brilliant"20 February 195330 September 1955ASW (56PLO)30 July 1987Plamenny Пламенный - "Fiery" or "Ardent"3 September 195531 August 1957ASW (56PLO)24 June 1991Naporisty Напористый - "Forceful"17 August 195531 October 1957ASW (56PLO)30 July 1987Vyzyvayushchy Вызывающий - "Challenging"Komsomolsk-na-Amure25 July 195331 March 1956ASW (56PLO)25 April 1989Vesky Веский - "Convincing"30 January 195430 March 1956none30 July 1987Vdokhnovenny Вдохновенный - "Inspiring"31 August 195430 October 1956ASW (56PLO)5 March 1987Vozmuscheny Возмущенный - "Indignant"30 December 195431 December 1956ASW (56PLO)5 March 1987Vozbuzhdeny Возбужденный - "Excited"29 July 195531 October 1957SAM (56A)25 April 1989Vliyatelny Влиятельный - "Influential"29 October 1955 6 November 1957none17 July 1988Vyderzhanny Выдержанный - "Consistent"24 June 195710 December 1957none24 April 1992
Bravy - was the Kotlin SAM prototype
The ships were scrapped between 1987 and 1990.
See also List of ships of the Soviet Navy List of ships of Russia by project number
Equivalent destroyers of the same era
References
Bibliography
External links
Federation of American Scientists: Project 56 Kotlin class, Project 56-A Kotlin SAM class, Project 56-PLO Kotlin Mod class Destroyer All Russian Kotlin Class Destroyers - Complete Ship List