Events Pre-1600 474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce.Fasti Triumphales 200 BC – The Roman Republic under its new consuls Publius Sulpicius Galba and Gaius Aurelius Cotta declares war on Philip V of Macedon, starting the Second Macedonian War. 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar, the dictator of the Roman Republic, by a group of senators takes place on the Ides of March. 351 – Constantius Gallus is elevated as Caesar and then sent to Antioch to govern the Roman East. 493 – Odoacer, the first barbarian King of Italy after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, is slain by Theoderic the Great, king of the Ostrogoths, while the two kings were feasting together. 856 – Michael III, emperor of the Byzantine Empire, overthrows the regency of his mother, empress Theodora (wife of Theophilos) with support of the Byzantine nobility. 897 – Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya enters Sa'dah and founds the Zaydi Imamate of Yemen. 933 – After a ten-year truce, German King Henry the Fowler defeats a Hungarian army at the Battle of Riade near the Unstrut river. 1147 – Afonso I of Portugal captures in a surprise attack the city of Santarem from the Almoravids. 1311 – Battle of Halmyros: The Catalan Company defeats Walter V, Count of Brienne to take control of the Duchy of Athens, a Crusader state in Greece. 1412 – Treaty of Lublowa: After the Peace of Thorn, Grand Master Heinrich von Plauen asks Sigismund of Hungary for economic aid. Sigismund agrees to mediate reduction to the third installment, demarcation of the Samogitian border, and other matters with a grand tournament. Hunts and lavish feasts were also organized. Sigismund invited, among others, polish king Wladyslaw Jagiello, Heinrich von Plauen and bosnian king Tvrtko II. There were people from 17 countries and languages - 40.000 nobles and 2000 knights were present from all over Europe, even England.Terra Scepusiensis. Stan badań nad dziejami Spiszu, Lewocza-Wrocław, 2003. (in Polish)Julia Radziszewska, Studia spiskie. Katowice 1985 (in Polish) 1564 – Mughal Emperor Akbar abolishes the jizya tax on non-Muslim subjects.
1601–1900 1626 – A dam failure causes the sudden flooding of the mining city of Potosí in present-day Bolivia leading to the death of thousands and the massive release of toxic mercury into the environment. 1672 – King Charles II of England issues the Royal Declaration of Indulgence, granting limited religious freedom to all Christians. 1781 – The British under Charles Cornwallis defeat American forces under Nathanael Greene in the battle of Guilford Court House. 1783 – In an emotional speech in Newburgh, New York, George Washington asks his officers not to support the Newburgh Conspiracy. The plea is successful, and the threatened coup d'état never takes place. 1820 – Maine is admitted as the twenty-third U.S. state. 1823 – Sailor Benjamin Morrell erroneously reports the existence of the island of New South Greenland near Antarctica. 1848 – A revolution breaks out in Hungary, and the Habsburg rulers are compelled to meet the demands of the reform party. 1874 – France and Vietnam sign the Second Treaty of Saigon, further recognizing the full sovereignty of France over Cochinchina. 1875 – Archbishop of New York John McCloskey is named the first cardinal in the United States. 1877 – First ever official cricket test match is played: Australia vs England at the MCG Stadium, in Melbourne, Australia. 1888 – Start of the Anglo-Tibetan War of 1888. 1892 – The Lobau bombing is one of the first attacks of the Ère des attentats (1892-1894). 1894 – Madeleine bombing by Désiré Pauwels during the Ère des attentats.
1901–present 1907 – The first parliamentary elections of Finland (at the time the Grand Duchy of Finland) are held. 1917 – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia abdicates the Russian throne, ending the 304-year Romanov dynasty. 1918 – Finnish Civil War: The battle of Tampere begins. 1919 – Ukrainian War of Independence: The Kontrrazvedka is established as the counterintelligence division of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine. 1919 – The American Legion is founded. 1921 – Talaat Pasha, former Grand Vizir of the Ottoman Empire and chief architect of the Armenian genocide, is assassinated in Berlin by a 23-year-old Armenian, Soghomon Tehlirian. 1922 – After Egypt gains nominal independence from the United Kingdom, Fuad I becomes King of Egypt. 1927 – The first Women's Boat Race between the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge takes place on The Isis in Oxford. 1939 – Germany occupies Czechoslovakia. 1939 – Carpatho-Ukraine declares itself an independent republic, but is annexed by Hungary the next day. 1943 – World War II: Third Battle of Kharkiv: The Germans retake the city of Kharkiv from the Soviet armies. 1951 – The Iranian oil industry is nationalized. 1961 – At the 1961 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference, South Africa announces that it will withdraw from the Commonwealth when the South African Constitution of 1961 comes into effect. 1965 – President Lyndon B. Johnson, responding to the Selma crisis, tells the U.S. Congress "We shall overcome" while advocating the Voting Rights Act. 1974 – Fifteen people are killed when Sterling Airways Flight 901, a Sud Aviation Caravelle, catches fire following a landing gear collapse at Mehrabad International Airport in Tehran, Iran. 1978 – Somalia and Ethiopia sign a truce to end the Ethio-Somali War. 1986 – Collapse of Hotel New World: Thirty-three people die when the Hotel New World in Singapore collapses. 1990 – Mikhail Gorbachev is elected as the first and only President of the Soviet Union. 1991 – Cold War: The Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany comes into effect, granting full sovereignty to the Federal Republic of Germany. 2008 – Stockpiles of obsolete ammunition explode at an ex-military ammunition depot in the village of Gërdec, Albania, killing 26 people. 2011 – Beginning of the Syrian revolution. 2019 – Fifty-one people are killed in the Christchurch mosque shootings, which remains the deadliest terror attack in New Zealand history. 2019 – Beginning of the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests. 2019 – Approximately 1.4 million young people in 123 countries go on strike to protest climate change. 2022 – The 2022 Sri Lankan protests begins amidst Sri Lanka's economic collapse. 2026 – Four members of a Palestinian family are shot dead in Tammun by the Israeli military.
Births Pre-1600 1493 – Anne de Montmorency, French captain and diplomat (died 1567) 1516 – Alqas Mirza, Safavid prince (died 1550) 1582 – Daniel Featley, English theologian and controversialist (died 1645) 1591 – Alexandre de Rhodes, French missionary (died 1660)
1601–1900 1638 – Shunzhi Emperor of China (died 1661) 1666 – George Bähr, German architect, designed the Dresden Frauenkirche (died 1738) 1754 – Archibald Menzies, Scottish surgeon and botanist (died 1842) 1767 – Andrew Jackson, American general, judge, and politician, 7th President of the United States (died 1845) 1779 – William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1848) 1787 – Adélaïde Ducluzeau, French painter 1790 – Ludwig Immanuel Magnus, German mathematician and academic (died 1861) 1791 – Charles Knight, English author and publisher (died 1873) 1809 – Joseph Jenkins Roberts, American-Liberian historian and politician, 1st President of Liberia (died 1876) 1813 – John Snow, English physician and epidemiologist (died 1858) 1821 – Johann Josef Loschmidt, Austrian physicist and chemist (died 1895) 1821 – William Milligan, Scottish theologian and author (died 1892) 1824 – Jules Chevalier, French priest, founded the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart (died 1907) 1830 – Paul Heyse, German author, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1914) 1830 – Élisée Reclus, French geographer and anarchist (died 1905) 1831 – Saint Daniele Comboni, Italian missionary and saint (died 1881) 1835 – Eduard Strauss, Austrian composer and conductor (died 1916) 1838 – Karl Davydov, Russian cellist, composer, and conductor (died 1889) 1851 – John Sebastian Little, American lawyer and politician, Governor of Arkansas (died 1916) 1845 – Hallie Quinn Brown, African-American educator, writer and activist (died 1949) 1851 – William Mitchell Ramsay, Scottish archaeologist and scholar (died 1939) 1852 – Augusta, Lady Gregory, Anglo-Irish landowner, playwright, and translator (died 1932) 1854 – Emil von Behring, German physiologist and physician, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1917) 1857 – Berta Bock, Romanian composer (died 1945) 1857 – Christian Michelsen, Norwegian businessman and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Norway (died 1925) 1858 – Liberty Hyde Bailey, American botanist and academic, co-founded the American Society for Horticultural Science (died 1954) 1866 – Matthew Charlton, Australian miner and politician (died 1948) 1868 – Grace Chisholm Young, English mathematician (died 1944) 1869 – Stanisław Wojciechowski, Polish scholar and politician, President of the Republic of Poland (died 1953) 1874 – Harold L. Ickes, American journalist and politician, United States Secretary of the Interior (died 1952) 1878 – Reza Shah, Iranian Shah (died 1944) 1879 – Benjamin R. Jacobs, American biochemist (died 1963)Announcements, Science, New Series, volume 139, number 3557, pp. 818–819, March 1963 1886 – Gerda Wegener, Danish artist (died 1940) 1897 – Jackson Scholz, American runner (died 1986) 1900 – Gilberto Freyre, Brazilian sociologist, anthropologist, historian and writer (died 1987)
1901–present 1904 – George Brent, Irish-American actor (died 1979) 1904 – J. Pat O'Malley, English-American actor (died 1985) 1905 – Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, German lawyer and judge (died 1944) 1907 – Zarah Leander, Swedish actress and singer (died 1981) 1912 – Louis Paul Boon, Flemish journalist and author (died 1979) 1912 – Lightnin' Hopkins, American blues singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1982) 1913 – Macdonald Carey, American actor (died 1994) 1913 – Jack Fairman, English race car driver (died 2002) 1916 – Frank Coghlan, Jr., American actor and pilot (died 2009) 1916 – Fadil Hoxha, Kosovar commander and politician, President of Kosovo (died 2001) 1916 – Harry James, American trumpet player, bandleader, and actor (died 1983) 1918 – Richard Ellmann, American author and critic (died 1987) 1918 – Punch Imlach, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (died 1987) 1919 – Lawrence Tierney, American actor (died 2002) 1920 – E. Donnall Thomas, American physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2012) 1921 – Madelyn Pugh, American television writer and producer (died 2011) 1924 – Khyber Khan, Pakistani pilot and former Deputy Chief of Air Staff of the PAF (died 2007) 1926 – Ben Johnston, American composer and academic (died 2019) 1926 – Norm Van Brocklin, American football player and coach (died 1983) 1927 – Christian Marquand, French actor, director, and screenwriter (died 2000) 1927 – Carl Smith, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2010)Wilson 2016, p. 697 1928 – Bob Wilber, American clarinetist and saxophonist (died 2019) 1930 – Zhores Alferov, Belarusian-Russian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2019) 1932 – Alan Bean, American astronaut and pilot (died 2018) 1932 – Arif Mardin, Turkish-American record producer (died 2006) 1933 – Ruth Bader Ginsburg, American lawyer and judge (died 2020) 1933 – Philippe de Broca, French actor, director, and screenwriter (died 2004) 1934 – Kanshi Ram, Indian politician (died 2006) 1935 – Judd Hirsch, American actor 1935 – Jimmy Swaggart, American pastor and television host (died 2025) 1936 – Howard Greenfield, American songwriter (died 1986) 1937 – Valentin Rasputin, Russian environmentalist and author (died 2015) 1939 – Ted Kaufman, American politician