Colby College is a private liberal arts college in Waterville, Maine, United States. Founded in 1813 as the Maine Literary and Theological Institution, it was renamed Waterville College in 1821. The donations of philanthropist Gardner Colby saw the institution renamed again to Colby University before settling on its current name, reflecting its liberal arts college curriculum, in 1899. Approximately 2,400 students, representing more than 45 states and 80 countries, are enrolled annually. The college offers 58 major fields of study and 38 minors.
Located in central Maine, the 714-acre Neo-Georgian campus sits atop Mayflower Hill and overlooks downtown Waterville and the Kennebec River Valley. Along with fellow Maine institutions Bates College and Bowdoin College, Colby competes in the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC) and the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium.
History
19th century On February 27, 1813, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, led by Baptists, adopted a petition to establish the Maine Literary and Theological Institution.Mayflower Hill, A History of Colby College, Earl Smith, University Press of New England, 2006 It was moved to Waterville, Maine, and used 179 acres of land donated by citizens. In 1818, trustees assigned the institution to Jeremiah Chaplin and classes began in a vacant Waterville home. After Maine separated from Massachusetts in 1820, the first Maine legislature affirmed the Massachusetts charter for the institution, but made significant changes. Students could no longer be denied admission based on religion, the institution was prohibited from applying a religious test when selecting board members, and the trustees now had the authority to grant degrees. The Maine Literary and Theological Institution was renamed Waterville College on February 5, 1821, and four years later, the theological department was discontinued. In 1828 the trustees decided to turn the somewhat informal preparatory department of the college into a separate school named Waterville Academy (most recently called the Coburn Classical Institute)."Little Talks #749" Colby College Special Collections. December 31, 1967. Accessed at
In 1833, Rufus Babcock became Colby's second president. That same year, students formed the nation's first college-based anti-slavery society. In 1845, the college's first Greek Society was formed, a chapter of Delta Kappa Epsilon, which was followed by chapters of Zeta Psi in 1850 and Delta Upsilon in 1852.Colby College 1820-1925: An Account of Its Beginnings, Progress and Service, Edwin Carey Whittemore
During the Civil War, many young men were called away from school to join the fight; from Waterville College, Richard C. Shannon, Henry C. Merriam, and Benjamin Butler. Twenty-seven Waterville College students perished in the war, and more than 100 men from the town. In the years following the war, as was the case at many American colleges, Waterville College was left with few students remaining to pay the bills and a depleted endowment. The college was on the verge of closing.
On August 9, 1865, prominent Baptist philanthropist Gardner Colby attended Waterville College's commencement dinner, and unbeknownst to anyone in attendance except college president James Tift Champlin, announced a matching $50,000 donation to the college; two years later the college was named after him. Trustees of the college voted to construct a library and chapel to honor the Colby men who died in the war, called the Memorial Hall; it was dedicated at the commencement of 1869. At the 1871 commencement, a Martin Milmore sculpture based on the Lion of Lucerne was added as the centerpiece of the building.
In the fall of 1871, Colby University was the first all-male college in New England to accept female students. The national Sigma Kappa sorority was founded at Colby in 1874 by the college's first five female students. However the college temporarily resegregated them in 1890. One of the buildings is named after the first woman to attend, Mary Caffrey Low, who was the valedictorian of the Class of 1875. In "The History of Colby College," Ernest C. Marriner wrote, "No small part of the agitation that arose later in regard to the retention of women in the College was prompted by the fact that they persistently ran away with the honors." In 1890, the president of Colby initiated a plan to divide women and men into separate classes at the college. Low, along with Louise Coburn and 17 other women who had graduated from Colby, sent a petition protesting the move. The letter declared, "The issue is not whether men and women can recite together, whether men and women shall study this or that. It is simply the issue whether the men are willing to take the risk of having women surpass them in scholarship."Colby College | Academics | Mary Low at www.colby.edu
In 1874, based on the success of its partnership with the Coburn Classical Institute, Colby created relationships with Hebron Academy and Houlton Academy (most recently known as Ricker College). In 1893, the Higgins Classical Institute was also deeded to Colby – the last preparatory school that the university would acquire.History of the Baptists in Maine, by Henry Sweetser Burrage. p 437, Marks Printing House, 1904 Students published the first issue of the Colby Echo in 1877. On January 25, 1899, Colby president Nathaniel Butler Jr., Class of 1873, renamed the "university" Colby College.
20th century In 1920, Colby celebrated its centennial, marking not the date of the original charter (1813), but the date of its charter from the new State of Maine in 1820.In June 1929, Franklin W. Johnson was appointed president of the college. That same year saw the public release of the Maine Higher Education Survey Report, which gave Colby's campus a less than desirable review. Criticisms included a cramped location on just 28 acres located between the Kennebec River and the Maine Central Railroad Company tracks through Waterville, an aging physical plant, proximity to the unpleasant odors of a pulp mill, and the soot of the railroad. Using the report as justification, President Johnson presented a proposal to the Trustees on June 14, 1929, to move the college to a more adequate location. The campaign to raise funds for the move was immediately complicated by the Wall Street crash of 1929 and the Great Depression, and competing offers for the college's contemplated location emerged.The Man of Mayflower Hill: A Biography of Franklin W. Johnson, by Ernest C. Marriner, Colby College Press, 1968 Most notably, William H. Gannett offered a site in Augusta, a financially attractive option for the college, but a troublesome prospect for the town of Waterville. Ultimately, a joint effort between Waterville citizens and the college raised more than $100,000 to purchase near the outskirts of the city on Mayflower Hill, and the deed was presented to the college on April 12, 1931.Mayflower Hill: A History of Colby College, Earl H. Smith, University Press of New England, 2006. pp. 36–50
Mayflower Hill
In 1937, construction broke ground on Lorimer Chapel according to master plans drawn up by Jens Fredrick Larson. It was to be the first building on the Mayflower Hill campus. In 1956, the Maine State Highway Commission diverted the proposed path of Interstate 95 to swing clear of the new campus to the west. The college began competing athletically with Bowdoin and Bates in the 1940s, and officially joined the two colleges in the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium in 1965. The consortium became both an athletic rivalry and an academic exchange program.
21st century
William D. Adams was the president of Colby from 2000 to 2014. Major accomplishments included conducting the largest capital campaign in the history of Maine, which raised $376 million; a new strategic plan for the college; accepting a major gift for the Colby College Museum of Art – the Lunder Collection of American Art – and the construction of a new wing for the museum to house it in 2013; expansion onto the "Colby Green" with the construction of the Diamond Building in 2007 and the Davis Science Building in 2014. In 2014, a documentary was created depicting a wide range of student experiences, including academic climate, social gatherings, athletics, and graduate outlooks, called Colby Life.Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine:
On July 1, 2014, David A. Greene took office as the new president of the college. Under Greene's leadership, Colby launched Dare Northward, the most successful fundraising initiative by a liberal arts college at more than $1 billion, exceeding its original goal of $750 million.
With a priority on community engagement and partnerships, Colby has led an investment of more than $250 million in downtown Waterville since 2019.
In 2022, Colby acquired two historic islands in Muscongus Bay.
Academics
Students choose from courses in 48 major fields and have flexibility in designing independent study programs, electing special majors, and participating in internships and study-abroad programs. Colby emphasizes project-based learning. Colby's three most popular majors, by 2021 graduates, were econometrics and quantitative economics (62); political science and government (62); and computer science (34).
More than two-thirds of Colby's students spend time studying off-campus before they graduate, at over 200 off-campus programs in more than 60 countries. 201620172018201920202021202220232024Colby College#cite note-:8-38Applicants9,83311,19012,31313,58413,92215,85716,89117,80019,188Admits1,8381,7681,6021,2951,3071,2791,2581,1421,275Admit rate18.7%15.8%13%9.5%9.4%8.1%7.4%6.4%6.6%Median SAT1370142014901500N/A1520150015101510Median ACT31323334N/A34343434
For the Class of 2027, Colby College admitted 6% of applicants, accepting 1,142 out of nearly 17,800 applicants.
Campus
Colby's 714-acre campus is situated on Mayflower Hill in Waterville, located along the Kennebec River Valley in Central Maine. Most of Colby's buildings are designed in the Georgian Revival style. The college earned a top-25 listing on the Peace Corps' "ranking of colleges that produce the most volunteers."
Colby is a residential college. Almost all students live in residential halls on campus or downtown.
In February 2022, the college announced the acquisition of Allen and Benner islands, adjacent private islands four miles southwest of Port Clyde in the Gulf of Maine, from the Up East Foundation and the Wyeth Foundation for American Art.
Libraries
Colby's two libraries—Miller Library, the Bixler Art and Music Library, have a collection of more than 1.7 million items, including more than 530,000 electronic books, and access to more than 22,000 print and 130,000 electronic periodicals and newspapers. In 2022 the Olin Science Library was repurposed into offices for the Davis Institute of Artificial Intelligence and the Halloran Lab for Entrepreneurship as well study spaces.
Colby College Museum of Art
The Colby College Museum of Art is based both on the campus and in downtown Waterville, and provides free entry while serving Colby College academic programs. It holds a permanent collection of artworks, temporary exhibits, publishes academic journals and runs community programs dedicated mainly to American art.
The most recent addition to the museum was the Alfond-Lunder Family Pavilion, opened in 2013 to display the Lunder Collection of American Art. The gallery space in the museum now exceeds 40,000 square feet, surpassing the Portland Museum of Art and making it the largest art museum in Maine.
Sustainability