Tibetan pinyin

The SASM/GNC/SRC romanization of Standard Tibetan, commonly known as Tibetan pinyin or ZWPY (), is the official transcription system for the Tibetan language in China. It is based on the pronunciation used by China National Radio's Tibetan Radio, which is based on the Lhasa dialect. It has been used within China and international cartographic products as an alternative to the Wylie transliteration for writing Tibetan in the Latin script since 1982.Romanization of Tibetan Geographical Names – UNGEGN

Tibetan pinyin is a phonetic transcription, and as such its spelling is tied to actual pronunciation (although tone is not marked). Wylie on the other hand is a transliteration system, where mechanical conversion to and from Tibetan and Latin script is possible. Within academic circles, Wylie transliteration (with a v replacing the apostrophe) is more commonly used.

Overview Onsets overview Independent onsets in the initial syllable of a word are transcribed as follows: g k ng j q ny d t n b p m z c w x s y r l h gy ky hy zh ch sh lhrh For more general case, see § Onsets.

Vowels and final consonant The 17 vowels of the Lhasa dialect are represented in as follows:

IPA Tibetanpinyin IPA Tibetanpinyin i in ê en ai/ä ain/än a an u un ô on o ǒn ü ün oi/ö oin/ön

Ending a syllable, -r is usually not pronounced, but it lengthens the preceding vowel. In the same place, -n usually nasalises the preceding vowel. Consonants at the end of a syllable are transcribed as follows:

IPA Tibetanpinyin b/• g/— r m ng

Single syllable orthography The tone of a syllable depends mostly on its initial consonant. In this table, each initial is given in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) with the vowel a and a tone mark to present tone register (high/low).

Onsets Below is a comprehensive transcription table of onsets of an initial syllable of a word. If the syllable to transcribe is not the first syllable of a word, see § Onset variation. IPA Wylie transliteration Tibetan pinyin THL p, sp, dp, lp b p rb, sb, sbr b b lb, 'b b b ph, 'ph p p b p b bh bh bh rm, sm, dm, smr m m m, mr m m w, db, b w w t, rt, lt, st, tw, gt, bt, brt, blt, bst, bld d t rd, sd, gd, bd, brd, bsd d d lth d zl, bzl, ld, md, 'd d d th, mth, 'th t t d, dw t d rn, sn, gn, brn, bsn, mn n n n n n kl, gl, bl, rl, sl, brl, bsl l l l, lw l l lh lh lh ts, rts, sts, rtsw, stsw, gts, bts, brts, bsts z ts rdz, gdz, brdz z dz mdz, 'dz z dz tsh, tshw, mtsh, 'tsh c ts dz c dz s, sr, sw, gs, bs, bsr s s z, zw, gz, bz s z kr, rkr, lkr, skr, tr, pr, lpr, spr, dkr, dpr, bkr, bskr, bsr zh tr rgr, lgr, sgr, dgr, dbr, bsgr, rbr, lbr, sbr zh dr mgr, 'gr, 'dr, 'br zh dr khr, thr, phr, mkhr, 'khr, 'phr ch tr gr, dr, br, grw ch dr hr sh hr r, rw r r rh rh ky, rky, lky, sky, dky, bky, brky, bsky gy ky rgy, lgy, sgy, dgy, bgy, brgy, bsgy gy gy mgy, 'gy gy gy khy, mkhy, 'khy ky khy gy ky gy hy hy hy c, cw, gc, bc, lc, py, lpy, spy, dpy j ch rby, lby, sby, rj, gj, brj j j lj, mj, 'j, 'by j j ch, mch, 'ch, phy, 'phy q ch j, by q j sh, shw, gsh, bsh x sh zh, zhw, gzh, bzh x zh rny, sny, gny, brny, bsny, mny, nyw, rmy, smy ny ny ny, my ny ny g.y y y y, dby y y k, rk, lk, sk, kw, dk, bk, brk, bsk g k rg, lg, sg, dg, bg, brg, bsg g g lg, mg, 'g g g kh, khw, mkh, 'kh k kh g, gw k g rng, lng, sng, dng, brng, bsng, mng ng ng ng ng ng —, db — — ' — — h, hw h h

Rimes Below is a comprehensive transcription table of rimes of a final syllable of a word, with IPA transcription for the Lhasa dialect. If the syllable to transcribe is not the final syllable of a word, see § Coda variation.

Take "ཨ" to be the consonant (not "◌"). Tibetan Wylieaa'uaral a'iad asag agsab absang angsam amsanPinyin a au ar ai/ä ag ab ang am ain/än IPA ~ ~ Tibetan Wylieii'uiril a'iid isig igsib ibsing ingsim imsinPinyin i iu ir i ig ib ing im in IPA Tibetan Wylieuurul u'iud usug ugsub ubsung ungsum umsunPinyin u ur ü ug ub ung um ün IPA Tibetan Wylieeerel e'ied eseg egseb ebseng engsem emsenPinyin ê êr ê êg êb êng êm ênIPA Tibetan Wylieoo'uorol o'iod osog ogsob obsong ongsom omsonPinyin ô ou ôr oi/ö ôg ôb ông ôm oin/önIPA

Intersyllable influence

Onset variation Bare low aspirated variation k*, q*, t*, p*, x*, s*, ky*, ch* become g*, j*, d*, b*, ?*, ?*, gy*, zh* respectively pa* () and po* () become wa and wo respectively

Coda variation

Sometimes there is intersyllabic influence: Tibetan scriptWylie (EWTS)Tibetan pinyinLhasa IPAExplanation forward shift of prefix shift of the prefix ( a chung), creating a final nasal consonant

Encoding The IETF language tag for Tibetan pinyin is . Examples

Tibetan Script Wylie Tibetan pinyin THL other transcriptions Zhikatse Shigatse, Shikatse Trashilhünpo Tashilhunpo, Tashilhümpo, etc. Dräpung Drebung Chökyi Gyältshän Choekyi Gyaltsen Thuptän Gyatsho Thubten Gyatso, Thubtan Gyatso, Thupten Gyatso

Tibetan pinyin

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