Tonekabon

Shahsavar/Tonekabon () is a Gilak city in the Central District of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran province, Iran, serving as capital of both its county and its district.

Etymology Toneka was a large and fortress-like city with a fence and a hard and strong surface in the west of Ruyan district. After the partial destruction of Shahsava/Toneka Castle due to its old age, a small city was turned into the main city of its area, built from the ruins of the old city, keeping its original names of Shahsavar/Tonekabon (). This name was extended to all the lands that formed the areas of the local rulers.

History The territory of Shahsavar/Tonekabon was originally part of Gilan & Daylamestan. Numerous evidences discovered in various parts of the region, indicate that it was a flourishing city in the past. The ancient Shahsavar/Tonekabon experienced the Padusbanan helding the power of it vicinity till the reign of Abbas the First.

During the Pahlavi era, the city was renamed to its original name of Shahsavar. After the 1979 Iranian revolution the name was returned to its second oldest name Tonekabon. Almost all of the present-day people of the city still use the Shahsavar name.

Demographics Language The language of Tonekabon is 86% Gilaki, the rest is a mixture of other languages such as Mazani, Kurdi, Luri, & even Baluchi.Habib Borjian, “The Caspian Language of Tonekābon”, Studia Iranica 51/1, 2022, pp. 7-49.Habib Borjian. Is there Continuity between Persian and Caspian? Linguistic Relationships in South-Central Alborz, New Haven: AOS, 2013.

Population At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 43,128 in 13,087 households. The following census in 2011 counted 45,338 people in 14,975 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 55,434 people in 18,878 households.

Geography Shahsavar is located on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea, north of Tehran, between Ramsar and Chalus. Tonekabon County has common borders with Qazvin province to the south.

In its northern regions it has a moderate and humid climate and in the southern portions cold weather prevails. The Cheshmeh Kileh River flows through it.

Climate Tonekabon has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa, Trewartha: Cf), with warm, humid summers and cool, damp winters.

Economy A famous variety of orange, Shahsavari Orange, is grown in the city and bears its former name. The other products of Shahsavar are kiwi fruit, rice, tea, coffee and more. Shahsavar has a semi tropical climate. The temperature is mild year round.

The "Gardan Qaleh high lands" and "Dohezar, Sehhezar, & Chaharhezar Valleies" are famous resort areas in the Alborz/Alburs) mountain range, South of Shahsavar. There are also dense forests in Dohezar, Sehezar, & Chaharhezar Road areas of Iran’s Great Alborz Mountain Range.

Tourist attractions • Alam Kuh Sialan Cheshmeh Kileh Bridges Wildlife Museum Municipality Palace of Shahsavar Do Hezar Forest Park Se Hezar Forest Park Toneka Castle Se Hezar Hot water Sang Bon Cheshmeh Waterfall Chaldarreh Daryasar Plain Dinar Sara Beles Kūh Kouhsar Waterfall Falakdeh Hot water Shahsavar Markets Garma Poshteh Village

Notable people

Mohammad Vali Khan Tonekaboni (1846–1926), former prime minister of Iran Shahab Hosseini (born 1974), actor Simin Ghanem (born 1944), singer Moslem Bahadori (born 1927), pathologist Shamseddin Hosseini (born 1967), politician Foad Manshadi (born 1987), musician Jamshid Mashayekhi (1934–2019), actor Bahram Aryana (1906–1985), general officer Ladan Mostofi (born 1972), actor Parisa (born 1950), singer Kambiz Dirbaz (born 1975), actor Arsalan Khalatbari (1904–1976) lawyer and politician Benyamin Bahadori (born 1982), musician, singer Kourosh Sotoodeh (born 1978), photographer Mohammad Taghi Falsafi (1908–1998), preacher Tunakabuni (17th-century), physician Mojtaba Goleij (born 1996), wrestler Mohammad Zohari (1926–1995), poet Farzan Ashourzadeh (born 1991), taekwondo practitioner Mehdi Khodabakhshi (born 1991), taekwondo practitioner Saeid Ahmadabbasi (born 1992), futsal player Javad Asghari Moghaddam (born 1979), futsal player Mohammad Mokhtari (born 1983), football player Navid Rezaeifar (born 1996), basketball player

Tonekabon

Bron en licentie