Haplogroup W

Haplogroup W is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Origin Haplogroup W is believed to have originated around 23,900 years ago in Western Asia. It is descended from the haplogroup N2.

Distribution

Haplogroup W is found in Europe, Western Asia, and South Asia. It is widely distributed at low frequencies, with a high concentration in Northern Pakistan.Meit Metspalu et al., Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in South and Southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans. BMC Genetics, 2004 Haplogroup W is also found in the Maghreb among Algerians (1.08%-3.23%); S5 Table and in Siberia among Yakuts (6/423 = 1.42%Sardana A Fedorova, Maere Reidla, Ene Metspalu, et al., "Autosomal and uniparental portraits of the native populations of Sakha (Yakutia): implications for the peopling of Northeast Eurasia." BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013, 13:127. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/127).

Additionally, the clade has been observed among ancient Egyptian mummies excavated at the Abusir el-Meleq archaeological site in Middle Egypt, which date from the Ptolemaic Kingdom.

The W5 subclade has been found in a fossil associated with the Starčevo culture (Lánycsók site; 1/1 or 100%).

Ancient DNA analysis found that the medieval individual Sungir 6 (730-850 cal BP) belonged to the W3a1 subclade.

Subclades

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup W subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation and subsequent published research.

W W1 – Italy,Homo sapiens isolate 92_Tor793_W1 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KF146272.1. Poland,Homo sapiens isolate poz377 haplogroup W1 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MT588229.1. Czech Republic, Slovenia, Finland, Spain, Qashqai people of IranHomo sapiens haplogroup W1* mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KC911537.1. W1a – FinnsHomo sapiens isolate E8_fi_ath haplogroup W1a mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MN516604.1. W1b W1b1 – FinnsHomo sapiens isolate S90_fi_ath haplogroup W1b1 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MN516694.1. W1-T119C W1c – Poland, Persians from IranHomo sapiens haplogroup W1c mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KC911592.1. W1c1 W1i W1d - Iraqi Jews W1e W1e1 W1e1a W1f – Italy W1g – England, Belgium, Portugal, Gitanos (Roma people of Spain) W1h – Nordic countries, England, Croatia, Ashkenazi Jews W1h1 – ItaliansHomo sapiens isolate 1549629 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: JX153072.1. W-C194T W3 - Turkey, Azerbaijan, India (Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu) W3a W3a1 – Armenians,Homo sapiens isolate Ararat_11 haplogroup W3a1 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MF362752.1. Turkey (Turkish, Kurd), France (Toulouse, Sarthe), Italy (Tuscany,Homo sapiens isolate 94_Tor782_W3a1 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KF146273.1. Sardinia, Sicily, Umbria, Campania, Trentino-Alto Adige), Hungary, Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia (Sunghir6 from 750 - 900 ybp Vladimir Oblast, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Omsk Oblast, Ingushetia, Volga Tatar, Chechens), Denmark, Berbers from Morocco,Homo sapiens isolate 105_Tor769_W3a1 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KF146277.1. Pakistan (Pashtun, Kho), India, Singapore, United States W3a1a W3a1a1 – Polish people, Ashkenazi Jews W3a1a2 - Russia (Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Tatar from Buinsk) W3a1a3 - Poland (Podkarpackie), United States W3a1a+T9090C - Pakistan (Kho) W3a1a+A15325G - Italy (Napoli) W3a1b – Pakistan (Pashtuns, Sindhi, Azad Kashmir), India (New Delhi, Andhra Pradesh), Bangladesh (Bengali), Thailand (Mon, Thai), China (Shanghai), United States (Hispanic) W3a1-T199C W3a1c - England, United States, Slovakia, Russia (Ryazan Oblast, Tambov Oblast, Bashkortostan), Kazakhstan, China (Daur) W3a1d – Hungarians,Homo sapiens haplogroup W3a1d mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KY849398.1. Serbia,Homo sapiens isolate 257_Sb haplogroup W3a1d mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MK617275.1. Republika Srpska, Latvia, Poland, Ukraine, Russia (Ulyanovsk Oblast, YakutsDuggan AT, Whitten M, Wiebe V, Crawford M, Butthof A, et al. (2013), "Investigating the Prehistory of Tungusic Peoples of Siberia and the Amur-Ussuri Region with Complete mtDNA Genome Sequences and Y-chromosomal Markers." PLoS ONE 8(12): e83570. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083570Phylogeny of mtDNA haplogroup W according to YFull), New Zealand W3a2 – France (Seine-Maritime), Poland, India, Uygurs from China W3b – Italy (Calabria), Albania, Serbia, Romania (Bucharest), Bulgarians,Homo sapiens haplogroup W3b mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MG910309.1. Turkey, Iraq (Assyrian), Iran, Armenians,Homo sapiens isolate Artsakh_54 haplogroup W3b mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MF362844.1. Kurds, Tajiks (especially Wakhis and other Pamiris), Pakistan (Burusho, Kho, Makrani), Cambodia, Uyghurs W3b1 – Austrians, Ashkenazi Jews W4 - Denmark, Poland, Italy (Sardinia, Umbria), Pakistan (Sindhis), India (Jammu and Kashmir), Mongolia, United Kingdom (ancient Orkney) W4a - England (St Mary Spital, pre-Black Death medieval London, ca. 725 years before present), Ukraine (Russian speaker from Kharkiv Oblast), India, China (Xinjiang ca. 1412 - 1529 years before present) W4a1 – Finns,Homo sapiens isolate S79_fi_ath haplogroup W4a1 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MN516681.1. Sweden (Dalarna County), Poland (Mazowieckie), Turkey, England, United States W4b - Italy, Mongolia W4c - Italy, Poland, India W4d - Albania, Turkey (Kurds), Iraq (Baghdad), Iran (Lorestan), Pakistan (Kho) W5 - Denmark, Poland, Serbia, Algeria (Batna), Morocco (Berber), Iran (Persian), United States W5a - Germany, Denmark W5a1 W5a1a – Flemish people, Norway (Rogaland), Denmark, Italy (Tuscany), Canary Islands, Brazil, Irish people, Polish people,Homo sapiens haplogroup W5a1a mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KX518741.1. Russia (Belgorod Oblast), Canada, United States W5a1a1 - England, Estonia, Russia (Adyghe in Kabardino-Balkaria) W5a1a1a W5a2 - United Kingdom, Denmark, Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia), Poland W5a2b W5b - Portugal (Azores, Leiria) W5b1 - Denmark W5b1a W6 – Sindhis, Han Chinese from Xi'an city, Italy, Kuwait,Homo sapiens isolate 188_Tor779_W6 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KF146287.1. PersiansHomo sapiens haplogroup W6 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KC911449.1. from Iran, Russia (North Ossetia,Homo sapiens isolate NOS10 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: JQ245723.1. Belgorod Oblast), Kazakhstan, Mongolia W6a W6b W6b1 – Iran,Homo sapiens isolate 205_Tor786_W6b mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KF146290.1. United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia W6c – Greece, England, Ireland, Ingushetia W6c1 – Armenians from Turkey W6c1a – Armenians from Turkey,Homo sapiens haplotype W6c1a mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KX363871.1. Kurds,Homo sapiens haplotype W6c mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KF553923.1. Greece W6d W7 – Armenians W8 – Bedouin of Israel, Yemen, Iran W9 W9a – Armenians from Turkey,Homo sapiens isolate 32_Mu mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MK491385.1 Kurds from TurkeyHomo sapiens isolate 32_Mu mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: JQ245759.1

Famous members Biologist Rudolf Raff was a member of haplogroup W. Journalist and investor Laurel Touby is a member of haplogroup W3a. Businesswoman and television host Martha Stewart belongs to haplogroup W6.

Haplogroup W

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