List of diplomatic missions of Austria-Hungary

This is a list of diplomatic missions of Austria-Hungary from the formation of the Dual Monarchy in 1867 until its dissolution in 1918Foreign affairs were administered as a common institution of the Dual Monarchy under the k.u.k. (kaiserlich und königlich, "Imperial and Royal") Ministry of Foreign Affairs, headquartered in Vienna. Under the terms of the 1867 Ausgleich, foreign policy was conducted jointly for both Cisleithania (Austria) and Transleithania (Hungary)

Austria-Hungary maintained diplomatic representation in Europe, the Americas, Asia, and the Near East. Most missions were legations headed by envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary rather than ambassadors, reflecting the diplomatic hierarchy of the period. In several cases, a single minister was concurrently accredited to multiple states, particularly in Latin America and among the German states

At its height, the monarchy maintained ministers in 39 states. Following the dissolution of Austria-Hungary in 1918, its diplomatic missions were either closed or transferred to the successor states, principally Austria and Hungary.

History

Austria-Hungary had 110 non-honorary consulates and 364 honorary consulates, for a total of 474, in pre-war 1914. This number declined as a result of World War I; consulates in Italy and the U.S. respectively closed in 1915 and 1917, making up the majority of consulates closed in those years. The number of consulates declined to 307 upon the declaration of war in 1914. This declined to 273 in 1915, 227 in 1916, and 193 in 1917. In 1918, upon the end of the empire, Austria-Hungary had 13 consulates-general, 18 other consulates, a consular agency, and a vice-consulate.Agstner, Rudolf. Austria (-Hungary) and Its Consulates in the United States of America Since 1820. LIT Verlag Münster, 2012. , 9783643901910. p. 28.

Embassies

France A diplomatic mission was established in 1679; raised to an embassy in 1856.

14.11.1859–13.12.1871 Richard Fürst von Metternich-Winneburg (1829–1895) 13.12.1871–30.04.1876 Rudolf Graf Apponyi von Nagy-Appony (1812–1876) 05.07.1876–03.11.1878 Felix Graf von Wimpffen (1827–1883) 03.11.1878–19.05.1882 Friedrich Ferdinand Graf von Beust (1809–1886) 25.05.1882–05.01.1883 Felix Graf von Wimpffen (s.a.) 27.04.1883–28.10.1894 Ladislaus Graf von Hoyos-Sprinzenstein (1834–1901) 28.10.1894–10.12.1903 Anton Graf von Wolkenstein-Trostburg (1832–1913) 10.12.1903–20.10.1910 Rudolf Graf von Khevenhüller-Metsch (1844–1910) 23.01.1911–10.08.1914France declared war on Austria-Hungary on 12 August 1914 but diplomatic relations were broken off already on 10 August. Nikolaus Graf Szécsen von Temerin (1857–1926)

Germany

A diplomatic mission to Prussia was established in 1665; raised to an embassy of the German Empire in 1871; included also Brunswick (from 1892), Hanseatic cities (Hamburg, Bremen and Lübeck) (from 1893), Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz and Oldenburg. 10.12.1871–03.11.1878 Alois Graf Károlyi von Nagykároly (1825–1889) 27.12.1878–10.10.1892 Emmerich Graf Széchényi von Sárvár und Felsövidék (1825–1898) 24.10.1892–04.08.1914 Ladislaus Freiherr (from 1910, Graf) Szögyény-Marich von Magyar-Szögyén und Szolgaegyháza (1841–1916) 04.08.1914–11.11.1918 Gottfried Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingfürst, Ratibor und Corvey (1867–1932)

The consulates-general in Berlin, Bremen, Cologne, Hamburg, and Munich closed upon the collapse of Austria-Hungary. In addition Austria-Hungary maintained one or more other consulates in Germany at the time.

Holy See A diplomatic mission was established in 1691; raised to an embassy in 1856. 13.12.1867–02.05.1868 Albert Graf von Crivelli (1816–1868) 19.09.1868–25.04.1872 Ferdinand Graf von Trauttmansdorff-Weinsberg (1825–1896) 25.04.1872–14.05.1873 Alois Freiherr Kübau von Kübeck (1818–1873) 19.11.1873–14.10.1888 Ludwig Graf Paar (1817–1893) 29.11.1888–29.11.1901 Friedrich Graf Revertera von Salandra (1827–1904) 29.11.1901–23.01.1911 Nikolaus Graf Szécsen von Temerin (s.a.) 25.03.1911–11.11.1918 Johann Prinz von Schönburg-Hartenstein (1864–1937)

Italy A legation was established in 1866 (although diplomatic missions had been accredited to various city states since much before, e.g. Venice in 1553); raised to an embassy in 1877. 16.12.1866–20.12.1871 Alois Freiherr Kübau von Kübeck (s.a.) 20.12.1871–05.07.1876 Felix Graf von Wimpffen (s.a.) 14.01.1877–08.10.1879 Baron Heinrich Karl von Haymerle (1828–1881) 08.12.1879–05.05.1882 Felix Graf von Wimpffen (s.a.) 25.05.1882–09.11.1886 Emanuel Graf von Ludolf (1823–1898) 07.12.1886–07.10.1895 Karl Freiherr von Brück (1830–1902) 07.10.1895–07.03.1904 Marius Freiherr Pasetti-Angeli von Friedenburg (1841–1913) 07.03.1904–04.03.1910 Heinrich Graf von Lützow zu Drey-Lützow und Seedorf (1852–1935) 04.03.1910–23.05.1915Italy declared war on Austria-Hungary on 23 May 1915 whereupon diplomatic relations were broken off. Kajetan Mérey von Kapos-Mére (1861–1931)Due to Mérey's illness, Karl Freiherr von Macchio was in charge of a special mission (in außerordenlicher Mission) to support the diplomatic corps in Rome from 11 August 1914 to 23 May 1915. Although Mérey was formally in charge until diplomatic relations were broken off, Baron von Macchio was de facto ambassador with the title 'außerordentlicher und bevollmächtigter Botschafter mit Titel und Charakter'.

The Italian consulates closed in 1915.

Japan A legation was established in 1883; raised to an embassy in 1908. The envoy was also accredited to China until 1896. 23.04.1871–21.03.1874 Heinrich Freiherr von Calice (1831–1912) 21.03.1874–22.04.1877 Ignaz Freiherr von Schäffer (1821–1892) 26.01.1879–04.03.1883 Maximilian Ritter Hoffer von Hoffenfels (1834–1901) 04.03.1883–18.01.1888 Karl Graf Załuski (1834–1919) 20.06.1888–27.11.1893 Rüdiger Freiherr von Biegeleben (1847–1912) 10.09.1893–05.10.1899 Christoph Graf von Wydenbruck (1856–1917) 31.10.1899–18.11.1908 Adalbert Ambró von Adamócz (1849–1927) 07.01.1909–29.10.1911 Guido Freiherr von Call zu Rosenburg und Kulmbach (1849–1927) 30.03.1912–25.08.1914Austria-Hungary declared war on Japan on 24 August 1914 whereupon diplomatic relations were broken off. Ladislaus Freiherr Müller von Szentgyörgy (1855–1941)

Ottoman Empire (Turkey)

A diplomatic mission was established in 1547; raised to an embassy in 1867. 27.07.1867–03.12.1871 Anton Freiherr (from 1871, Graf) Prokesch von Osten (1795–1876) 10.01.1872–11.03.1874 Emanuel Graf von Ludolf (s.a.)Count von Ludolf served as envoy (in außerordenlicher Mission mit der Leitung der Botschaft betraut). 11.03.1874–26.11.1879 Franz Graf Zichy zu Zich und von Vásonykeö 15.07.1880-22.09.1906 Heinrich von Calice 05.10.1906-11.11.1918 Johann von Pallavicini

The consulates-general in Beirut, Smyrna (now İzmir), and Trebizond (now Trabzon), closed when Austria-Hungary collapsed. In addition, it maintained one or more other consulates and a consular agency in the Ottoman Empire at that time.

Russia A diplomatic mission was established in 1700; raised to an embassy in 1874. 18.07.1864–14.04.1868 Friedrich Graf Revertera von Salandra (s.a.) 14.10.1869–11.09.1871 Boguslaw Graf Chotek von Chotkow und Wognin (1829–1896) 18.09.1871–12.01.1880 Ferdinand Freiherr von Langenau (1818–1881) 26.01.1880–20.11.1881 Gustav Graf Kálnoky von Köröspatak (1832–1898) 08.03.1882–28.10.1894 Anton Graf von Wolkenstein-Trostburg (s.a.) 28.10.1894–09.12.1898 Franz Prinz von und zu Liechtenstein (1853–1938) 26.01.1899–24.10.1906 Alois Freiherr Lexa von Aehrenthal (1854–1912) 28.12.1906–25.03.1911 Leopold Graf Berchtold von und zu Ungarschitz, Frättling und Püllütz (1863–1942) 25.03.1911–01.10.1913 Duglas Graf von Thurn und Valsássina-Como-Vercelli (1864–1939) 01.10.1913–06.08.1914Austria-Hungary declared war on Russia on 6 August 1914 whereupon diplomatic relations were broken off. Friedrich Graf Szapáry von Muraszombath, Széchysziget und Szapár (1869–1935)

Spain A diplomatic mission was established in 1564; raised to an embassy in 1888. 1657-1664 Johann Maximilian von Lamberg 1663-1674 Franz Eusebius von Pötting 1673-1676 Ferdinand Bonaventura I. Graf Harrach 1683-1689 Heinrich Franz von Mansfeld 1689-1693 Karl Ernst von Waldstein-Wartenberg 1697-1698 Ferdinand Bonaventura, Count Harrach 1698-1700 Aloys Thomas Raimund, Count Harrach 1700-1725 disruption of relation 18.06.1725-20.03.1730 Dominik von Königsegg-Rothenfels 20.03.1730-03.03.1734 Johann Stolte 03.03.1734-17.09.1751 disruption of relation 17.09.1751-14.03.1752 Georg Adam, Prince of Starhemberg 10.04.1752-21.06.1756 Christoph Bartholomäus Anton Migazzi ... 28.12.1815-22.01.1817 Aloys von Kaunitz-Rietberg ... 23.03.1868–20.11.1871 Ladislaus Graf Karnicki (1820–1883) 10.12.1871–22.10.1872 Bohuslav, Count Chotek of Chotkow and Wognin (s.a.) 12.09.1874–25.05.1882 Emanuel Graf von Ludolf (s.a.) 25.05.1882–10.12.1903 Viktor Graf Dubsky von Trebomislyc (1834–1915) 10.12.1903–23.01.1911 Rudolf Graf von Welsersheimb (1842–1926) 23.01.1911–18.06.1913 Christoph Graf von Wydenbruck (1856–1917) 08.10.1913–11.11.1918 Karl Emil Prinz zu Fürstenberg (1867–1945)

The consulate-general in Barcelona closed upon the collapse of the empire. In addition it maintained one or more other consulates in this country at the time.

United Kingdom

A diplomatic mission was established in 1677; raised to an embassy in 1860. 07.03.1856–08.11.1871 Rudolph Graf Apponyi von Nagy-Appony (s.a.) 08.11.1871–03.11.1878 Friedrich Ferdinand Graf von Beust (s.a.) 03.11.1878–20.06.1888 Alois Graf Károlyi von Nagykároly (s.a.) 18.10.1888–03.09.1903 Franz Graf Deym von Stritez (1838–1903) 28.04.1904–13.08.1914United Kingdom declared war on Austria-Hungary on 12 August 1914 whereupon diplomatic relations were broken off. Albert Graf von Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein (1861–1945)

United States

A legation was established in 1838; raised to an embassy in 1903. 1838 Baron de Mareschal"An Old Washington Mansion" by Maud Burr Morris, 1917 1844–1850 August Belmont (as Consul-General) 25.01.1865–11.08.1867 Ferdinand Freiherr von Wydenbruck (1816–1878) 03.07.1868–12.03.1874 Karl Freiherr von Lederer (1817–1890) 12.03.1874–08.03.1875 Wilhelm Freiherr von Schwarz-Senborn (1813–1903) 23.06.1875–28.08.1878 Ladislaus Graf von Hoyos-Sprinzenstein (s.a.) 25.12.1878–30.10.1881 Ernst Freiherr von Mayr 30.10.1881–09.10.1886 Ignaz Freiherr von Schäffer (s.a.) 21.02.1887–11.10.1894 Ernst Ritter Schmit von Tavera (1839–1904) 11.10.1894–07.01.1913 Ladislaus (from 1906, Freiherr) Hengelmüller von Hengervár (1845–1917) 04.03.1913–04.11.1915Dr. Dumba was declared persona non grata by the U.S. government on 8 September 1915 and left the United States on 5 October; however, his appointment ended formally first a month later. Dr. Konstantin Dumba (1856–1947) 09.11.1916–08.04.1917Count Tarnowski von Tarnów was named ambassador following Dumba's expulsion and arrived in 1916 to Washington D.C., but never presented his credentials to President Wilson. His name therefore does not appear in the U.S. records where the legation was led by Erich Freiherr Zwiedinek von Südenhorst as chargé d'affaires until the embassy was closed and diplomatic relations were broken off on 8 April 1917. However, United States did not formally declare war on Austria-Hungary until 7 December 1917. Adam Graf Tarnówski von Tarnów (1866–1946)

The U.S. consulates closed in 1917.

For Austrian ambassadors after 1918, see Austrian Ambassador to the United States.

Legations

Albania The legation was established in 1914 and closed in the following year. 25.02.1914–15.08.1915 Heinrich Ritter Löwenthal von Linau (1870–1915)

Prior to the 1912 independence of Albania, Austria-Hungary maintained missions in the Ottoman Empire which served Albania. There was a consulate in Scutari (Shkodër) which closed upon the collapse of the empire in 1918.

Argentina