The Quba Khanate (also spelled Qobbeh; ) was one of the most significant semi-independent khanates that existed from 1747 to 1806, under Iranian suzerainty."...khanates of Sheki, Karabagh, and Kuba became the most powerful" Russian Azerbaijan, 1905–1920 – The Shaping of a National Identity in a Muslim Community, p. 17. Cambridge University Press It bordered the Caspian Sea to the east, Derbent Khanate to the north, Shaki Khanate to the west, and Baku and Shirvan Khanates to the south. In 1755 it captured Salyan from the Karabakh Khanate.
History
Lezgin Origins The origins of the khans of Quba is highly debated, According to Ilya Nikolaevich in his works on Journey through Dagestan and Transcaucasia, the Khanate was formed by a Lezgin nobleman Lezgi-Ahmad who built the settlement of Khudat, the author listed the Quba Khanate as part of Dagestan region stating "The Quba Khanate is one of the newest in Dagestan"
Qeytag origins
Another theory suggests that they were from the Qeytaq tribe, which was divided into two branches the Majales and the Yengikend. The khans of Quba were descended from Hosein Khan of the Majales branch, who was given the governorship of Saleyan and Quba by Shah Soleiman () in the second half of the 1680s.
The khanate achieved its greatest prominence under Fath-Ali Khan, whose governorship lasted from 1758 to 1789. He seized Derbent and divided Shirvan with Hosein Khan of Shaki.
After Fath Ali Khan's death, the khanate's influence declined. As a result of Mohammad Khan Qajar's conquests and the devastation they brought, the Alliance of Northern khanates disintegrated. The khanate was conquered by Russia in 1806 and was fully incorporated into the newly created Shamakha Governorate by 1846.Literature: Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin. Travels through Northern Persia 1770-1774 translated and annotated by Willem Floor (Washington DC, MAGE, 2007); Bakikhanov, The Heavenly Rose-Garden. A History of Shirvan & Daghestan, translated and annotated by Willem Floor & Hasan Javadi(Washington DC: MAGE, 2010); Willem Floor, “Who are the Shamkhal and the Usmi?” ZDMG 160/2 (2010), pp. 341–81
Population The Quba Khanate was mainly populated by Tatars (later known as Azerbaijanis) and Lezgins. It was also populated by Armenians, Tats and Mountain Jews.
List of khans The khans of the Quba khanate were the following: 1747–1758: Hossein-Ali Khan 1758–1789: Fath-Ali Khan 1789–1791: Ahmad Khan 1791–1806: Shaykh Ali Khan
See also Guba Fortress Khanates of the Caucasus Russian conquest of the Caucasus
References
Sources