The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is an international organization of seven South Asian and Southeast Asian nations, housing 1.73 billion people and having a combined gross domestic product of US$5.2 trillion (2023). The BIMSTEC member states – Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand – are among the countries dependent on the Bay of Bengal.
Fourteen priority sectors of cooperation have been identified and several BIMSTEC centers have been established to focus on those sectors. , BIMSTEC free trade agreement is under negotiation, considered similar to SAARC.
Leadership is rotated in alphabetical order of country names. The permanent secretariat is in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Background On 6 June 1997, a new sub-regional grouping was formed in Bangkok under the name BIST-EC (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand Economic Cooperation). Following the inclusion of Myanmar on 22 December 1997 during a special Ministerial Meeting in Bangkok, the Group was renamed 'BIMST-EC' (Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Thailand Economic Cooperation). In 1998, Nepal became an observer. In February 2004, Nepal and Bhutan became full members.
At the first summit, held on 31 July 2004, the group was renamed BIMSTEC—the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation.See for a detailed historical account of the founding and evolution of BIST-EC and BIMST-EC e.g. Michael, Arndt (2013). India's Foreign Policy and Regional Multilateralism (Palgrave Macmillan), pp. 145–163.
Objective There are 14 main sectors of BIMSTEC along technological and economic cooperation among South Asian and Southeast Asian countries along the coast of the Bay of Bengal.
Trade & Investment Transport & Communication Energy Tourism Technology Fisheries Agriculture Public Health Poverty Alleviation Counter-Terrorism & Transnational Crime Environment & Disaster Management People-to-People Contact Cultural Cooperation Climate Change
Sectors 7 to 13 were added at the 8th Ministerial Meeting in Dhaka in 2005 while the 14th sector was added in 11th Ministerial Meeting in New Delhi in 2008.
Member nations are denoted as Lead Countries for each sector. Provides cooperation to one another for the provision of training and research facilities in educational vocational and technical fields Promote active collaboration and mutual assistance in economic, social, technical and scientific fields of common interest Provides help to increase the socio-economic growth of the member countries
Permanent Secretariat The BIMSTEC Permanent Secretariat at Dhaka was opened in 2014 and India contributes 32% of its expenditure. The current Secretary General of the BIMSTEC is Ambassador Indra Mani Pandey from India.
No. Date Country Secretary General of the BIMSTEC 1 2014–2017 Sumith Nakandala 2 2017–2020 M Shahidul Islam 3 2020–2023 Tenzin Lekphell 4 2024–present Indra Mani Pandey
Chairmanship The BIMSTEC uses the alphabetical order for the Chairmanship. The Chairmanship of the BIMSTEC has been taken in rotation commencing with
(1997–1999, 2005–2006, 2025–Present)
(2000, 2006–2008)
(2001–2002, 2009–2014)
(2002–2003, 2018–2022)
(2004–2005, 2022–2024)
(2015–2018).
Member nations Notes (*) = Chief executive
CountriesHead of stateHead of governmentPopulationNominal GDP / billionMirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir, President of BangladeshTarique Rahman, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (*) 419.237Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, King of BhutanTshering Tobgay, Prime Minister of Bhutan (*) 2.653Droupadi Murmu, President of IndiaNarendra Modi, Prime Minister of India (*) 4,505.743Min Aung Hlaing, President of Myanmar (*) 69.262Ram Chandra Poudel, President of NepalBalen Shah, Prime Minister of Nepal 31,122,378 41.393Anura Kumara Dissanayake, President of Sri Lanka (*)Harini Amarasuriya, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka 81.934Vajiralongkorn (Rama X), King of ThailandAnutin Charnvirakul, Prime Minister of Thailand (*) 522.012
Heads of the member nations Leaders are either heads of state or heads of government, depending on which is constitutionally the chief executive of the nation's government.
BIMSTEC priority sectors 14 priority areas have been identified with the lead nations appointed to lead the effort:BIMSTEC: Building bridges between South Asia & Southeast Asia , IndiaWrites, 2014. The organisation has 15 priority areas for cooperation, including Trade & Investment, Transport & Communication, Energy, Tourism, Technology, Fisheries, Agriculture, Public Health, Poverty Alleviation, Counter-Terrorism & Transnational Crime, Environment & Disaster Management, People-to-People Contact, Cultural Cooperation, Climate Change and Blue Economy.
Priority Area Lead Country Centre Comments Transport and communication Tourism BIMSTEC Tourism Information Centre, Delhi Counterterrorism and transnational crime Four subgroups: Intelligence sharing – Sri Lanka (lead), Terror financing – Thailand, Legal – Myanmar, Law enforcement and narcotics – Myanmar Environment and disaster management BIMSTEC Weather and Climate Centre, Noida Energy BIMSTEC Energy Centre, Bengaluru BIMSTEC Grid Interconnection MoU signed in 2014 Public Health BIMSTEC Network of National Centres on Coordination in Traditional Medicine Agriculture Trade & Investment Technology Fisheries People-to-People Contact Poverty Alleviation Climate Change Cultural Cooperation 1200 ITEC scholarships by India
In a virtual BIMSTEC Colombo summit which took place on 30 March 2022, decision was taken to reduce, re-constitute and reconstruct the number of sectors of co-operation from the unwieldy 14 to a more manageable 7. Trade, Investment and Development - Bangladesh Environment and Climate Change - Bhutan Security and Energy - India Agriculture and Food Security - Myanmar People-to-people Contact - Nepal Science, Technology and Innovation - Sri Lanka Connectivity - Thailand
BIMSTEC Free Trade Area Framework Agreement The BIMSTEC Free Trade Area Framework Agreement (BFTAFA) has been signed by all member nations to stimulate trade and investment in the parties, and attract outsiders to trade with and invest in the BIMSTEC countries at a higher level. Subsequently, the "Trade Negotiating Committee" (TNC) was set up, with Thailand as the permanent chair, to negotiate in areas of trade in goods and services, investment, economic co-operation, trade facilitations and technical assistance n. for LDCs. Once negotiation on trade in goods is completed, the TNC would then proceed with negotiation on trade in services and investment.
The BIMSTEC Coastal Shipping Agreement draft was discussed on 1 December 2017 in New Delhi, to facilitate coastal shipping within 20 nautical miles of the coastline in the region to boost trade between the member countries. Compared to the deep sea shipping, coastal ship require smaller vessels with lesser draft and involve lower costs. Once the agreement becomes operational after it is ratified, a lot of cargo movement between the member countries can be done through the cost effective, environment friendly and faster coastal shipping routes. The necessity for coastal shipping ecosystem and electricity grid interconnectivity, as two of the necessary components of the evolving shape of BIMSTEC.
On 7 and 8 November 2019, the first ever BIMSTEC Conclave of Ports summit was held in Visakhapatnam, India. The main aims of this summit is providing a platform to strengthen maritime interaction, port-led connectivity initiatives and sharing best practices among member countries.
In 2022 summit saw the declaration of the Master Plan for Transport Connectivity that would provide a framework for regional and domestic connectivity,
Cooperation with Asian Development Bank (ADB) The Asian Development Bank (ADB) becomes a partner in 2005, to undertake the "BIMSTEC Transport Infrastructure and Logistic Study" (BTILS), which was completed in 2014.
BIMSTEC Summits
No. Date Host country Host city 1st 31 July 2004 Bangkok 2nd 13 November 2008 New Delhi 3rd 4 March 2014 Naypyidaw 4th 30–31 August 2018 Kathmandu 5th 30 March 2022 Colombo (Virtual meeting) 6th 2–4 April 2025 Bangkok 7th TBD Dhaka(Presumptive)
Projects Coast shipping Power grid interconnection Regional disaster monitoring and warning system Road and rail Look-East connectivity projects MILEX-18:The first-ever BIMSTEC Multinational Military Field Training Exercise (MILEX-18) was held in Pune, India from 10–16 September 2018. The exercise was attended by all seven BIMSTEC member countries: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.
The theme of the exercise was counter-terrorism in semi-urban terrain. The participating troops conducted a series of exercises, including search-and-cordon operations, search and destroy, and handling and neutralisation of improvised explosive devices (IEDs). They also participated in a validation exercise on the final day of the exercise.
The MILEX-18 was a major success and was hailed as a significant step towards increased military cooperation in the Bay of Bengal region. The exercise helped to improve interoperability between the participating forces and to share best practices in the field of counter-terrorism. It also helped to build trust and confidence among the BIMSTEC member countries.
The MILEX-18 was a major boost to the BIMSTEC security cooperation agenda. It is expected to pave the way for more such exercises in the future, which will help to further enhance the security cooperation between the BIMSTEC member countries.
In addition to the military exercises, the MILEX-18 also included a number of other activities, such as an Army Chiefs' Conclave and a seminar on counter-terrorism. The Army Chiefs' Conclave was an opportunity for the participating countries to discuss and share their views on regional security issues. The seminar on counter-terrorism provided a forum for the participants to learn about the latest trends in terrorism and to discuss ways to counter it.
The MILEX-18 was a landmark event in the history of BIMSTEC. It was a major step towards increased military cooperation in the Bay of Bengal region and it is expected to have a positive impact on regional security.
The following are some of the key outcomes of the MILEX-18:
Improved interoperability between the participating forces. Sharing of best practices in the field of counter-terrorism. Building of trust and confidence among the BIMSTEC member countries. Paving the way for more such exercises in the future. Boost to the BIMSTEC security cooperation agenda. The MILEX-18 was a major success and it is a positive sign for the future of BIMSTEC security cooperation. The exercise helped to build trust and confidence among the member countries and it is expected to further enhance their cooperation in the field of security.
See also BIMSTEC Games ASEAN Asia Cooperation Dialogue Asian Clearing Union Asian Development Bank Bangladesh Bhutan India Nepal Initiative (BBIN) India's International connectivity projects Mekong-Ganga Cooperation South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation
References
External links
BIMSTEC free trade agreement 2018 BIMSTEC Summit