Thrissur district (), anglicised as Trichur, is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala. It is situated in the central region of the state. Spanning an area of about , the district is home to over 9% of Kerala's population.
Thrissur district is bordered by the districts of Palakkad and Malappuram to the north, the district of Ernakulam to the south and Coimbatore to the east. The Arabian Sea lies to the west and Western Ghats towards the east. It is part of the historical Malabar Coast. The main language spoken is Malayalam.
Thrissur district was formed on 1 July 1949, with the headquarters at Thrissur city. The district is known for its ancient temples, churches, and mosques.
History
The Thrissur district was ruled by the Perumal dynasty from the 9th to the 12th centuries and following that was part of the Kingdom of Cochin.
Demographics
Source: Official Statistics 2007 DistrictThrissurArea3,027Population (2011)31,21,200Males14,80,763Females16,40,437Sex ratio : Females/10001107Density of Population1031Per Capita Income (in Rs)21,362Literacy rate95.08%; Male 96.78%; Female 93.56%Coastal line in km.54Water bodied area in ha.5,573Forest area in ha.103619
According to the 2018 Statistics Report, Thrissur district has a population of 3,243,170, roughly equal to the nation of Mongolia or the US state of Iowa. The 2011 Census of India gives it a ranking of 113th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 4.58%. Thrissur has a sex ratio of 1107 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 95.32%. 67.17% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 10.39% and 0.30% of the population respectively. Thrissur was also the second highest urbanized district in Kerala after Ernakulam.
Malayalam is the predominant language, spoken by 98.91% of the population as of 2011.
Religion
+Religions in taluksTalukasHindusChristiansMuslimsOthersThrissur61.2533.534.860.36Kodungallur59.228.4332.160.19Mukundapuram56.6535.567.630.16Talappilly61.1316.1122.540.23Chavakkad52.138.6039.070.20
Hinduism is the majority religion in Thrissur, with 58.4% of the population. Christians and Muslims form significant minority.
Christians
According to Saint Thomas christian tradition, the Palayur church was established in 52 AD by Saint Thomas, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ. It is the first church in India, and Saint Thomas performed the first baptism in India here. It is part of the Ēḻarappaḷḷikaḷ (seven major churches) that he established in India. The original small church structure has been retained at the original site.
Geography and climate
Thrissur is situated in southwestern India () and is in the central part of Kerala. Thrissur is at sea level and spans an area of about . It is bounded on the north by small parts of Malappuram district, on the east and north by Palakkad district, on the east by small parts of Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, on the south by Ernakulam district, and on the west by the Arabian Sea (). Descending from the heights of the Western Ghats in the east, the land slopes towards the west forming three distinct natural divisions – the highlands, the plains and the sea board. Karimala Gopuram is the highest point in Trissur situated in the border of Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary of Palakkad.
The Periyar, the Chalakudy, the Karuvannur, the Kurumali River (main tributary of the Karuvannur River) and the Ponnani (Bharatha Puzha) are the main river systems in the district. They take their origin from the mountains on the east, and flow westward and discharge into the Arabian Sea. There are a number of tributaries also joining these main rivers. There are waterfalls such as Athirappilly Falls which is widely known as the "Indian Niagara" nowadays. This is the only district in Kerala with the presence of both Periyar and Bharathappuzha, though they flow only a small distance through the district.
The district has a tropical humid climate with an oppressive hot season and plentiful and seasonal rainfall. Annual rainfall is about . The hot season from March to May is followed by the South West Monsoon season from June to September. The period from December to February is the North East Monsoon season. However the rain stops by the end of December and the rest of the period is generally dry.
Culture
Thrissur Pooram. Kerala Kalamandalam Kerala Sahitya Academy Kerala Lalitakala Academy Kerala Sangeeta Nataka Academy. Vadakkumnathan (Siva) temple. Our Lady of Dolours Basilica St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Church, Palayoor.
According to legend Malik Bin Deenar and 20 others who were the followers Muhammad, the founder of Islam, first landed in Kodungallur in Thrissur district when they came to India. He built the mosque Cheraman Juma Masjid which makes it the first mosque in India.
Education
Administration of Thrissur
Thrissur District has four types of administrative hierarchies: District, Taluk, and Village administration managed by the state government of Kerala; non-elected posts. Panchayath Administrations, which are managed by the elected local bodies (Tier-3) Municipal administrations, which are managed by elected municipal councils (single tier - Municipalities and Municipal Corporation) Assembly Constituencies for the State Government of Kerala (Tier-2) Parliament Constituencies for the Union Government of India (Tier-1)
Revenue sub-districts and Taluks Source:
Taluks & its Headquarters ThrissurThrissurMukundapuramIrinjalakudaKodungallurKodungallurChavakadChavakadThalapillyWadakkancheryChalakudyChalakudy KunnamkulamKunnamkulam The district is divided into two Revenue Sub Divisions: Thrissur and Irinjalakuda, and is headed by the Revenue Divisional Officer (RDO). The district is divided into seven taluks, headed by the Thasildar. Each of these taluks is further divided into villages headed by a village officer, with a total of 255 villages in the district. The numbers in the brackets denote the number of villages in each taluk. Taluks under Thrissur Revenue Division: Thrissur (74) Chavakkad (29) Talappilly (45) Kunnamkulam (29) Taluks under Irinjalakuda Revenue Division: Mukundapuram (29) Chalakudy (31) Kodungallur (18)
Local Self-Governing Bodies Municipalities KunnamkulamChalakudyKodungallurChavakadGuruvayurIrinjalakudaWadakkancheryMunicipal Corporation Thrissur
The district of Kerala has the following Local Self-Governing Bodies (LSGs), which form the third-tier government. District Panchayats - 1 Block Panchayats - 16 Grama Panchayats - 86 Municipalities - 7 Municipal Corporations - 1
Thrissur Municipal Corporation is the only municipal corporation in the district.
Kerala State Assembly Constituencies There are 13 constituencies from the district of Thrissur:
61 - Chelakkara Assembly Constituency 62 - Kunnamkulam Assembly Constituency 63 - Guruvayoor Assembly Constituency 64 - Manalur Assembly Constituency 65 - Wadakkanchery Assembly Constituency 66 - Ollur Assembly Constituency 67 - Thrissur Assembly Constituency 68 - Nattika Assembly Constituency 69 - Kaipamangalam Assembly Constituency 70 - Irinjalakuda Assembly Constituency 71 - Puthukkad Assembly Constituency 72 - Chalakudy Assembly Constituency 73 - Kodungallur Assembly Constituency
Lok Sabha Parliamentary Constituency The district of Thrissur forms part of three parliamentary constituencies: Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency Chalakudy Lok Sabha constituency; headquartered in Chalakkudy, Thrissur district. (3/7 assembly constituencies in Thrissur district) Alathur Lok Sabha constituency; headquartered in Alathur, Palakkad district. (3/7 assembly constituencies in Thrissur district)
Suresh Gopi is the Thrissur MP, Benny Behanan is the Chalakudy MP, and K. Radhakrishnan is the Alathur MP.
Major Towns Thalappilly taluk: Wadakkancherry, Chelakkara, Thruvilwamala, Pazhayannur, Cheruthuruthi, Mayannur Kunnakulam taluk: Kunnamkulam, Kechery, Perumpilavu, Pazhanji Chavakad taluk: Chavakad, Guruvayoor, Vadanappilly, Triprayar Thrissur taluk: Cherpu, Kanjany,Athani, Pattikkad Kodungallur taluk: Kodungalloor, Perinjanam, Moonupeedika Mukundapuram taluk: Irinjalakuda, Puthukkad, Mala Chalakudy taluk: Chalakudy, Muringoor, Meloor, Kodakara, Koratty
Media General began publication in 1976.
Politics
Places of interest
Athirapilly Water Falls ( from Thrissur City): This 80 feet high waterfall at the threshold of the Sholayar ranges is a picnic spot. Two amusement parks – DreamWorld and SilverStorm – are located nearby. Vazhachal : Just a short drive from Athirapilly is close to dense forests and a part of the Chalakudy river. Chalakudy River : This Perennial River is the 5th Longest river in Kerala and the richest river in fish diversity perhaps in India. Punnathur Kotta Elephant Sanctuary ( from city): It is the largest elephant park in the world, with over 60 elephants. Peechi Dam: ( from city) It is a good picnic spot. The dam was started as an irrigation project for the surrounding villages in Thrissur. At the same time, it catered the drinking water needs of the population of Thrissur City. It serves as an irrigation dam, reaching out to the paddy fields in and around Thrissur city. Built across the Manali River. Elephants may be seen on the bank of Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary, established in 1958 covering 125 square kilometres (48 sq mi). Poomala Dam: A natural reserve and tourist spot with an irrigation dam. Chavakkad Beach Vazhani Dam ( from city): It is a good picnic spot built over Kechery River . Snehatheeram Beach: This beach is around from town of Thrissur near by Nattika village. Chimmony dam ( from city) Kerala Kalamandalam (): It is in Cheruthuruthy and was founded by the Poet Sri. Vallathol Narayana Menon, to encourage the study of the ancient arts of Kerala such as Kathakali and Mohiniyattom. Koodalmanikyam Temple Thrissur Zoo & Museum (): Opened in 1885, it is a big zoo. The zoo is home for various animals, reptiles and birds.
Important towns
Chalakudy Chavakkad Chelakkara Guruvayur Irinjalakuda Kodungallur Kunnamkulam Pazhayannur Triprayar Mala Vadanappally Wadakanchery
List of villages
Gallery
References
Further reading
External links
Government Portal Satellite image of Thrissur Website of Thrissur Police