Events Pre-1600 421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia at Constantinople (Byzantine Empire). 879 – Pope John VIII recognises the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir as an independent state. 1002 – Henry II, a cousin of Emperor Otto III, is elected and crowned King of Germany. 1099 – First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins. 1420 – Troops of the Republic of Venice capture Udine, ending the independence of the Patria del Friuli. 1494 – Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas which divides the New World between the two countries.
1601–1900 1614 – The second parliament of James I of England ends after two months of deadlock and without passing any bills. 1628 – The Petition of Right, a major English constitutional document, is granted royal assent by Charles I and becomes law. 1640 – Corpus de Sang in Barcelona: Catalan reapers riot against Spanish Royal soldiers and officers, killing the Viceroy of Catalonia, Dalmau de Queralt. Escalation of hostilities between the Principality of Catalonia and the Spanish Monarchy, leading to the Reapers' War. 1654 – Louis XIV is crowned King of France. 1692 – Port Royal, Jamaica, is hit by a catastrophic earthquake; in just three minutes, 1,600 people are killed and 3,000 are seriously injured. 1776 – American Revolution: Richard Henry Lee proposes the "Lee Resolution" to the Second Continental Congress, with the motion being seconded by John Adams and leading to the United States Declaration of Independence. 1788 – French Revolution: Day of the Tiles: Civilians in Grenoble toss roof tiles and various objects down upon royal troops. 1800 – David Thompson reaches the mouth of the Saskatchewan River in Manitoba. 1810 – The newspaper Gazeta de Buenos Ayres is first published in Argentina. 1832 – The Great Reform Act of England and Wales receives royal assent. 1832 – Asian cholera reaches Quebec, brought by Irish immigrants, and kills about 6,000 people in Lower Canada. 1862 – The United States and the United Kingdom agree in the Lyons–Seward Treaty to suppress the African slave trade. 1866 – One thousand eight hundred Fenian raiders are repelled back to the United States after looting and plundering the Saint-Armand and Frelighsburg areas of Canada East. 1880 – War of the Pacific: The Battle of Arica, the assault and capture of Morro de Arica (Arica Cape), ends the Campaña del Desierto (Desert Campaign). 1892 – Homer Plessy is arrested for refusing to leave his seat in the "whites-only" car of a train; he lost the resulting court case, Plessy v. Ferguson. 1899 – American Temperance crusader Carrie Nation begins her campaign of vandalizing alcohol-serving establishments by destroying the inventory in a saloon in Kiowa, Kansas.
1901–present 1905 – Norway's parliament dissolves its union with Sweden. The vote was confirmed by a national plebiscite on August 13 of that year. 1906 – Cunard Line's is launched from the John Brown Shipyard, Glasgow (Clydebank), Scotland. 1917 – World War I: Battle of Messines: Allied soldiers detonate a series of mines underneath German trenches at Messines Ridge, killing 10,000 German troops. 1919 – Sette Giugno: Nationalist riots break out in Valletta, the capital of Malta. British soldiers fire into the crowd, killing four people. 1929 – The Lateran Treaty is ratified, bringing Vatican City into existence. 1938 – The Douglas DC-4E makes its first test flight. 1938 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Chinese Nationalist government creates the 1938 Yellow River flood to halt Japanese forces. Five hundred thousand to nine hundred thousand civilians are killed. 1940 – King Haakon VII, Crown Prince Olav and the Norwegian government leave Tromsø and go into exile in London. They return exactly five years later. 1942 – World War II: The Battle of Midway ends in American victory. 1942 – World War II: Aleutian Islands Campaign: Imperial Japanese soldiers begin occupying the American islands of Attu and Kiska, in the Aleutian Islands off Alaska. 1944 – World War II: Battle of Normandy: At Ardenne Abbey, members of the SS Division Hitlerjugend massacre 23 Canadian prisoners of war. 1945 – King Haakon VII of Norway returns from exactly five years in exile during World War II. 1946 – The United Kingdom's BBC returns to broadcasting its television service, which has been off air for seven years because of World War II. 1948 – Anti-Jewish riots in Oujda and Jerada take place.Dalit Atrakchi (2001). "The Moroccan Nationalist Movement and Its Attitude toward Jews and Zionism". In Michael M. Laskier and Yaacov Lev. The Divergence of Judaism and Islam. University Press of Florida. p. 163.: "...the riots that broke out on 7 June 1948 in the cities of Oujda and Jerada, close to the border between Morocco and Algeria, which served as a transfer station for Moroccan Jews on their way to Israel... It is believed that the riots were brought on by the speech given a short while earlier by Sultan Muḥammad Ben-Yussuf, which inveighed against the Zionists and cried for solidarity with the Arabs fighting in Israel." 1948 – Edvard Beneš resigns as President of Czechoslovakia rather than signing the Ninth-of-May Constitution, making his nation a Communist state. 1955 – Lux Radio Theatre signs off the air permanently. The show launched in New York in 1934, and featured radio adaptations of Broadway shows and popular films. 1962 – The Organisation Armée Secrète (OAS) sets fire to the University of Algiers library building, destroying about 500,000 books. 1965 – The Supreme Court of the United States hands down its decision in Griswold v. Connecticut, prohibiting the states from criminalizing the use of contraception by married couples. 1967 – Six-Day War: Israeli soldiers enter Jerusalem. 1971 – The United States Supreme Court overturns the conviction of Paul Cohen for disturbing the peace, setting the precedent that vulgar writing is protected under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. 1971 – The Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Division of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service raids the home of Ken Ballew for illegal possession of hand grenades. 1971 – Allegheny Airlines Flight 485 crashes on approach to Tweed New Haven Airport in New Haven, Connecticut, killing 28 of 31 aboard. 1975 – Sony launches Betamax, the first videocassette recorder format. 1977 – Five hundred million people watch the high day of the Silver Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II begin on television. 1981 – The Israeli Air Force destroys Iraq's Osiraq nuclear reactor during Operation Opera. 1982 – Priscilla Presley opens Graceland to the public; the bathroom where Elvis Presley died five years earlier is kept off-limits. 1989 – Surinam Airways Flight 764 crashes on approach to Paramaribo-Zanderij International Airport in Suriname because of pilot error, killing 176 of 187 aboard. 1991 – Mount Pinatubo erupts, generating an ash column high. 2000 – The United Nations defines the Blue Line as the border between Israel and Lebanon. 2017 – A Myanmar Air Force Shaanxi Y-8 crashes into the Andaman Sea near Dawei, Myanmar, killing all 122 aboard.
Births Pre-1600 1003 – Emperor Jingzong of Western Xia (died 1048) 1402 – Ichijō Kaneyoshi, Japanese noble (died 1481) 1422 – Federico da Montefeltro, Italian condottiero (died 1482) 1502 – John III of Portugal (died 1557) 1529 – Étienne Pasquier, French lawyer and jurist (died 1615) 1561 – John VII, Count of Nassau-Siegen, German count and military theorist (died 1623) (1911). "Johan VII". In: en (redactie), Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (in Dutch). Vol. Eerste deel. Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff. p. 1221; ; ; ; ; ; (2004). "Die Fürstengruft zu Siegen und die darin von 1669 bis 1781 erfolgten Beisetzungen". In: u.a. (Redaktion), Siegener Beiträge. Jahrbuch für regionale Geschichte (in German). Vol. 9. Siegen: Geschichtswerkstatt Siegen – Arbeitskreis für Regionalgeschichte e.V. p. 193; (1882). Het vorstenhuis Oranje-Nassau. Van de vroegste tijden tot heden (in Dutch). Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff/Utrecht: J.L. Beijers. p. 115
1601–1900 1687 – Gaetano Berenstadt, Italian actor and singer (died 1734) 1702 – Louis George, Margrave of Baden-Baden (died 1761) 1757 – Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (died 1806) 1761 – John Rennie the Elder, Scottish engineer (died 1821) 1770 – Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1828) 1778 – Beau Brummell, English cricketer and fashion designer (died 1840) 1811 – James Young Simpson, Scottish obstetrician (died 1870) 1831 – Amelia Edwards, English journalist and author (died 1892) 1837 – Alois Hitler, Austrian civil servant (died 1903) 1840 – Carlota of Mexico (died 1927) 1843 – Susan Blow, American educator (died 1916) 1845 – Leopold Auer, Hungarian violinist, composer, and conductor (died 1930) 1847 – George Washington Ball, American legislator from Iowa (died 1915) 1848 – Paul Gauguin, French painter and sculptor (died 1903) 1851 – Ture Malmgren, Swedish journalist and politician (died 1922) 1861 – Robina Nicol, New Zealand photographer and suffragist (died 1942) 1862 – Philipp Lenard, Slovak-German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1947) 1863 – Bones Ely, American baseball player and manager (died 1952) 1868 – Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Scottish painter and architect (died 1928) 1877 – Roelof Klein, Dutch-American rower and engineer (died 1960) 1879 – Knud Rasmussen, Danish anthropologist and explorer (died 1933) 1879 – Joan Voûte, Dutch astronomer and academic (died 1963) 1883 – Sylvanus Morley, American archaeologist and scholar (died 1948) 1884 – Ester Claesson, Swedish landscape architect (died 1931) 1886 – Henri Coandă, Romanian engineer, designed the Coandă-1910 (died 1972) 1888 – Clarence DeMar, American runner and educator (died 1958) 1890 – Karl Lashley, American psychologist and behaviorist (died 1958) 1892 – Leo Reise, Canadian ice hockey player (died 1975) 1893 – Gillis Grafström, Swedish figure skater and architect (died 1938) 1894 – Alexander P. de Seversky, Georgian-American pilot and engineer, co-designed the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt (died 1974) 1896 – Douglas Campbell, American lieutenant and pilot (died 1990) 1896 – Robert S. Mulliken, American physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1986) 1896 – Imre Nagy, Hungarian soldier and politician, 44th Prime Minister of Hungary (died 1958) 1897 – George Szell, Hungarian-American conductor and composer (died 1970) 1899 – Elizabeth Bowen, Anglo-Irish author and critic (died 1973) 1900 – Frederick Terman, American engineering professor and academic administrator, nicknamed "the father of Silicon Valley." (died 1982)
1901–present 1900 – Glen Gray, American saxophonist and bandleader (died 1963) 1905 – James J. Braddock, American world heavyweight boxing champion (died 1974) 1907 – Sigvard Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg (died 2002) 1909 – Virginia Apgar, American anesthesiologist and pediatrician, developed the Apgar test (died 1974) 1909 – Jessica Tandy, English-American actress (died 1994) 1910 – Til Kiwe, German actor and screenwriter (died 1995)Personalbogen auf ww2gravestone.com 1910 – Mike Sebastian, American football player and coach (died 1989) 1910 – Marion Post Wolcott, American photographer (died 1990) 1910 – Bluey, Australian Cattle Dog, second-oldest recorded dog (died 1939) 1911 – Brooks Stevens, American engineer and designer, designed the Wienermobile (died 1995) 1917 – Gwendolyn Brooks, American poet (died 2000) 1917 – Dean Martin, American singer, actor, and producer (died 1995) 1920 – Georges Marchais, French mechanic and politician (died 1997) 1921 – Tal Farlow, American jazz guitarist (died 1998) 1923 – Jules Deschênes, Canadian lawyer and judge (died 2000) 1925 – Ernestina Herrera de Noble, Argentine publisher and executive (died 2017) 1926 – Jean-Noël Tremblay, Canadian lawyer and politician (died 2020) 1927 – Paul Salamunovich, American conductor and educator (died 2014)