Order of Ancient Maccabeans (also Maccabaeans) is an Anglo-Jewish society. The order is a friendly society established in 1891,Ilan Pappé, Lobbying for Zionism on Both Sides of the Atlantic, p. 58, London, Oneworld Publications (2024) and registered on 8 May 1901, under the Friendly Societies' Act, as amended 1896.Nahum Sokolow, History of Zionism 1600-1918, Appendices p.358-388, Longmans, Green and Co. (1919)
History The Maccabaeans were founded in 1891 by Ephraim Ish-Kishor and named after the Maccabees. The order was founded with the goal of cooperation between members and an interest in Judaism. Many members were also part of the "Lovers of Zion". As is usual for friendly societies, its members had to pay a fee of one shekel and received social and medical support. In addition to that, Jewish and "non-Jewish honorary members" alike had to profess support for the Zionist movement. The funds were used to support the settling of Jews to Palestine with a "Maccabean Land Company" being founded in 1911 to help shareholders purchase land in modern-day Israel.Philipp Israel, "Maccabaens, Ancient Order of". In: Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd Edition, Vol. 13, p. 316, Thomson Gale (2007)
After a visit by Theodor Herzl in 1896, Herbert Bentwich organized a trip to Palestine which he called the "Maccabaean Pilgrimage". Herzl declined an invitation to the pilgrimage but supported it. According to Maja Gildin Zuckerman, a scholar of modern Jewish cultural history, this was a turning point after which the Maccabaeans' Zionism took a political form rather than religious.Pappé (2024), pp. 58-59
Maccabean Land Company After the Balfour Declaration in 1917, the Maccabean Land Company was involved in the sale of plots of land in Palestine to Jews in Morocco. Joseph H. Levy of the Maccabean Land Company of London went to Fes to distribute Zionist literature and sell land in Palestine to some Fessi Jews. Through the Maccabean Land Company, too, Rabbi Pinhas Khalifa Ha-Cohen Azogh, leading a Zionist office in Marrakesh, sold 36 plots of land in Palestine to Moroccan Jews, who were told years later when they attempted to move and settle there that the land had been reserved for Eastern European Jews to settle.
Past presidents
1891–1903 Raphael Meldola (in whose honour the society awards the Meldola medal for Chemistry) 1903–04 Albert Goldsmid 1904–27 Solomon Joseph Solomon 1927–32 Herbert Bentwich 1932–54 Selig Brodetsky 1982–90 Sir Alan Marre 1990–2000 Sir John Balcombe 2000–present Sir Ian Gainsford
Other notable members have included:
Louis Barnett Abrahams Chief Rabbi Hermann Adler Norman Bentwich Sir Ernst Boris Chain Marcus Hartog Rev. Morris Joseph Chief Rabbi Joseph H. Hertz Waldemar Haffkine Sir Ian Heilbron Sir Bernard Rix Charles Kensington Salaman Isaac Snowman Rev. Joseph Stern Rev. Charles Voysey (Not Jewish; hon. member) Chaim Weizmann Lucien Wolf Israel Zangwill
References
Further reading Encyclopedia Judaica, Volume 13, page 316