The Araucanian languages ( ) are a small language family of indigenous languages of the Americas spoken in central Chile and neighboring areas of Argentina. The living representatives of this family are Mapudungun (ISO 639-3: arn) and Huilliche (ISO 639-3: huh), spoken respectively by the Mapuche and Huilliche people. These are usually considered divergent dialects of a single language isolate.
Demographics It is estimated that there are approximately 200,000 Mapudungun speakers in Chile and 40,000 speakers in Argentina. Huilliche is the native language of a few thousand Chileans.
Language contact Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Kunza, Mochika, Uru-Chipaya, Arawak, Pano, Cholon-Hibito, and Kechua language families due to contact.
Internal classification Mason (1950) Internal classification of Araucanian languages by Mason (1950):
Araucanian North Picunche Mapuche Pewenche Rankel(che) Moluche South Wiliche (Huilliche) Wiliche Serrano Pichi-Wiliche Manzanero Veliche (Chilote) Chikiyami (Cuncho) Leuvuche East Taluhet (Taluche) Divihet (Diviche)
Jolkesky (2016) Internal classification by Jolkesky (2016):Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho De Valhery. 2016. Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas . Ph.D. dissertation, University of Brasília.
( = extinct)
Mapudungun Mapudungun, Nuclear Mapudungun Pewenche Rankelche Mapudungun, Southern: Williche Mapudungun, Northern Pikunche Chango
Vocabulary Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Mapuche (Araucanian) language varieties.
gloss Mapuche Picunche Pehuenche Huiliche Chilote Ranquelche one kiñe kiñe kiñe kiñe kenge kiñe two epu epue epu epu epo epú three küla kela kela kila köla kʔla head longko lonko rlonko lonkó hand kũ kúü kuü ghechu keñeu water ko ko ko ko ku go sun antu antü ante ante ánte ant'ü moon kuyen küyén küyen kiyen kién kiyet maize voe wa wa waká wa bird gunún üñem küñüm giñum trarú dog thehua thewa thewa trehua cheuá jaguar nahuel nahuel nawel nahuel naue
Further reading Augusta, F. J. (1966). Diccionario araucano-español y español-araucano: tomo primero: araucano - español. Padre Las Casas: Impr. y Editorial "San Francisco". Cañas Pinochet, A. (1911). Estudios de la lengua veliche. In: C. E. Porter (ed.), Trabajos de la III Sección “Ciencias Naturales, Antropo-lógicas y Etnológicas” (Tomo I), 143-330. Santiago de Chile: Imprenta Barcelona. Erize, E. (1960). Diccionario comentado Mapuche-Español, Araucano, Pehuenche, Pampa, Picunche, Rancülche, Huilliches. Bahía Blanca: Cuadernos del Sur. Flury, L. (1944). Guiliches: tradiciones, leyendas, apuntes gramaticales y vocabulario de la zona pampa-araucana. (Publicaciones del Instituto de Arqueología, Lingüistica y Folklore Dr. Pablo Cabrera, 8). Córdoba: Universidad de Córdoba Hernández Sallés, A.; Luna, C. C. (1997). Diccionario ilustrado Mapudungun- Español-Inglés. Santiago de Chile: Pehuén.
References
External links Ethnologue, Languages of the World: Araucanian