This is a tabulated listing of the orders of magnitude in relation to pressure expressed in pascals. psi values, prefixed with + and -, denote values relative to Earth's sea level standard atmospheric pressure (psig); otherwise, psia is assumed.
MagnitudePressurelbf/in2 or dBItem 10−17 Pa 10 aPa Pressure in outer space in intergalactic voidsCalculated: 10−19 torr × 133 Pa/torr = 10−17 Pa 10−15 Pa 1–10 fPa Pressure in outer space between stars in the Milky WayCalculated: 10−17 torr × 133 Pa/torr = 10−15 Pa 10−12 Pa < 1 pPa Lowest pressure obtained in laboratory conditions 10−11 Pa 40 pPa Atmosphere of the Moon at lunar day, very approximately () 10−10 Pa < 100 pPa Extreme-high vacuum 100 pPa Atmosphere of Mercury, very approximately () 300 pPa Atmosphere of the Moon at lunar night, very approximately () 10−9 Pa < 1 nPa Vacuum expected in the beam pipe of the Large Hadron Collider's ATLAS experiment (operates at a pressure of 1 nPa to 10 nPa) ~1 nPa Approximate solar wind pressure at Earth's distance from the Sun (variable) 10−8 Pa 10 nPa Pressure inside a vacuum chamber for laser cooling of atoms (magneto-optical trap) 10–700 nPa Atmospheric pressure in low Earth orbit, around 500 km altitudeCalculated: 10−10 Torr × 133.3 Pa/Torr = . × 133.3 Pa/Torr = . 10−7 Pa 100 nPa Highest pressure still considered ultra-high vacuumCalculated unit conversion: 1e-9 torr * 101325/760 Pa/torr = 1.33e-7 Pa 10−6 Pa 0.1 - 10 μPa Pressure inside a cathode-ray tube (approximate)Topic 7 |The Cathode-Ray Tube. aw.com. 2003-08-01Jump up ^ repairfaq.org – Sam's Laser FAQ – Vacuum Technology for Home-Built Gas Lasers. repairfaq.org. 2012-08-02 1 μPa Reference pressure for sound in water 1 μPa Pressure inside a vacuum tube (very approximate) 10−5 Pa 10 μPa Radiation pressure of sunlight on a perfectly reflecting surface at the distance of the Earth.G. Vulpetti, L. Johnson, G. L. Matloff, Solar Sails: A Novel Approach to Interplanetary Flight, Springer, August 2008 20 μPa 0 dB Reference pressure for sound in air ±20 μPa 0 dB Threshold of human hearing 10−4 Pa 10−3 Pa 1–100 mPa Vacuum pressures used for molecular distillation 10−2 Pa10−1 Pa 100 mPa Upper limit of high vacuumCalculated unit conversion: 1e-3 torr * 101325/760 Pa/torr = 0.133 Pa ~200 mPa Atmospheric pressure on Pluto (1988 figure; very roughly) 737.4 mPa Pressure exerted by a single Letter-sized sheet of paper laid flat. 1 Pa 1 Pa Pressure exerted by a US dollar bill resting flat on a surface 1 PaUpper limit of molecular distillation, where the mean free path of molecules is larger than the equipment size 10 Pa 10 Pa Pressure increase per millimeter of a water column at Earth mean sea level 10 Pa Pressure due to direct impact of a gentle breeze (~)Exact calculation: P = 1/2 * density of air * (wind speed)^2. wind speed = 9 mph * 0.447 (m/s)/mph = 4.02 m/s. P = 1/2 * (1.25 kg/m^3) * (4.0 m/s)^2 = 10.1 Pa. 86 Pa Pressure from the weight of a US penny lying flat 102 Pa 100 Pa Pressure due to direct impact of a strong breeze (~)Exact calculation: P = 1/2 * density of air * (wind speed)^2. wind speed = 28.3 mph * 0.447 (m/s)/mph = 12.7 m/s. P = 1/2 * (1.25 kg/m^3) * (12.7 m/s)^2 = 101 Pa. 120 PaPressure from the weight of a US quarter lying flatCalculated: pressure = mass * g / (pi * diameter^2 / 4) = (5.670e-3 kg) * (9.807 m/s^2) / (3.142 * (19.05e-3 m)^2 / 4) = 120.3 Pa 133 Pa 1 torr ≈ 1 mmHg ±200 Pa ~140 dB Threshold of pain pressure level for sound where prolonged exposure may lead to hearing loss ±300 Pa ±0.043 psi Lung air pressure difference moving the normal breaths of a person (only 0.3% of standard atmospheric pressure)Calculated: 3 cm H2O * 98.0 Pa/cm H2O = 294 Pa = 3e2 Pa 400–900 Pa 0.06–0.13 psi Atmospheric pressure on Mars, < 1% of atmospheric sea-level pressure on Earth 611.657 Pa 0.089 psiPartial vapor pressure at the triple point of waterInternational Equations for the Pressure along the Melting and along the Sublimation Curve of Ordinary Water Substance W. Wagner, A. Saul and A. Pruss (1994), J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 23, 515. 103 Pa 1–10 kPa Typical explosion peak overpressure needed to break glass windows (approximate) 2 kPa Pressure of popping popcorn (very approximate). mythbustersfanclub.com. June 17, 2009 2.6 kPa 0.38 psi Pressure at which water boils at room temperature () (20 mmHg) 5 kPa 0.8 psi Blood pressure fluctuation (40 mmHg) between heartbeats for a typical healthy adultCalculated as the difference between a typical systolic pressure of < 120mm Hg and diastolic pressure of < 80mm Hg. 6.3 kPa 0.9 psi Pressure where water boils at normal human body temperature (), the pressure below which humans absolutely cannot survive (Armstrong limit)NAHF - Harry Armstrong +9.8 kPa +1.4 psi Lung pressure that a typical person can exert (74 mmHg) 104 Pa 10 kPa 1.5 psi Pressure increase per meter of a water column 10 kPa 1.5 psi Decrease in air pressure when going from Earth sea level to 1000 m elevation +13 kPa +1.9 psi High air pressure for human lung, measured for trumpet player making staccato high notes < +16 kPa +2.3 psi Systolic blood pressure in a healthy adult while at rest (< 120 mmHg) (gauge pressure) +19.3 kPa +2.8 psi High end of lung pressure, exertable without injury by a healthy person for brief times +34 kPa +5 psi Level of long-duration blast overpressure (from a large-scale explosion) that would cause most buildings to collapse 34 kPa Atmospheric pressure at the summit of Mount Everest +70 kPa +10 psi Pressure for paint exiting an HVLP (low-pressure) paint spray gun 70 kPa Pressure inside an incandescent light bulb 75 kPa Minimum airplane cabin pressure and lowest pressure for normal breathing (at ) and also the limit stated by the Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) 80 kPa 12 psi Pressure inside vacuum cleaner at sea level on Earth (80% of standard atmospheric pressure) 87 kPa 13 psi Record low atmospheric pressure for typhoon/hurricane (Typhoon Tip in 1979) (only 86% of standard atmospheric pressure) 105 Pa 100 kPa 14.5 psi 1 bar, approximately equal to the weight of one kilogram (1 kilopond) acting on one square centimeter 101.325 kPa 14.7 psi Standard atmospheric pressure for Earth sea level 150 to 25 to > 80 psi Impact pressure of a fist punch (approximate)Typical force may total , applied to area of ~. Actual impact pressure depends on strike to bone, soft tissue, padded surface, or brick wall. Also depends upon deflection or resistance of object struck. Heavyweight boxing champions have been shown to strike with over of force, which would imply ~170 psi (> 1100 kPa) over same area. +180 to +26 to +36 psi Air pressure in an automobile tire relative to atmosphere (gauge pressure) +210 to +30 to +130 psi Air pressure in a bicycle tire relative to atmosphere 50 psi Water pressure of a garden hose 300 to 50–100 psi Typical water pressure of a municipal water supply in the US 358 to 52-76 psi Threshold of pain for objects outside the human body hitting it 400 to 60–90 psi Carbon dioxide pressure in a champagne bottle Partial vapour pressure at the triple point of carbon dioxide +690 to +100 to +120 psi Air pressure in a heavy truck/bus tire relative to atmosphere 800 kPa Vapor pressure of water in a kernel of popcorn when the kernel ruptures 106 Pa 0.8–2 MPa 120–290 psi Pressure used in boilers of steam locomotives 162 psi Pressure of an average human bite 2.8–8.3 MPa 400–1,200 psi Pressure of carbon dioxide propellant in a paintball gun 700 psi Water pressure of the output of a coin-operated car wash spray nozzle 5 MPa 700 psi Military submarine max. rated pressure (est.) of nuclear submarine, at depth of Calculated: assume depth of 2x800 ft = 1600 ft. 1600 ft * 0.3048 m/ft = 488 m. Pressure at 488 m = density * g * depth * area = 1025 kg/m^3 * 9.81 m/s^2 * 488 m * 1 m^2 = 4.90e6 Pa. 4.90e6 Pa * 1.45e-4 psi/Pa = 711 psi. 10-21 MPa 1,500–3,000 psi Chamber pressure of a high-powered (non-carbon dioxide) air gun 6.9–27 MPa 1,000–4,000 psi Water spray pressure used by pressure washers 9.2 MPa 1,300 psiAtmosphere of Venus 107 Pa > 10 MPa > 1,500 psi Pressure exerted by a person wearing stiletto heels when a heel hits the floor 15.5 MPa 2,250 psi Primary coolant loop of a pressurized water reactor 20 MPa 2,900 psi Typical pressure used for hydrogenolysis reactionsFor hydrogenolysis esters with copper chromite. 21 MPa 3,000 psi Pressure of a typical aluminium scuba tank of pressurized air (210 bar) 21 MPa 3,000 psi Ballistic pressure exerted as high-power bullet strikes a solid bulletproof object 22 MPa 3,200 psi Critical pressure of water 28 MPa 4,100 psi Overpressure caused by the bomb explosion during the Oklahoma City bombing 40 MPa 5,800 psi Water pressure at the depth of the wreck of the Titanic 69 MPa 10,000 psi Water pressure withstood by the in visiting ocean depths of > 6500 meters 70 to 280 MPa 10,000 to 40,000 psi Maximal chamber pressure during a pistol firing 108 Pa 110 MPa 16,000 psi Pressure at bottom of Mariana Trench, about 11 km below ocean surface (1100 bar) 100 to 300 MPa Pressure inside reactor for the synthesis of high-pressure polyethylene (HPPE)The manufacture of polyethylene . nzic.org.nz 250 MPa36,000 psiRecord diesel engine common rail fuel system pressure 400 MPa Chamber pressure of late 1910s .50 Browning machine gun discharge 35,000–90,000 psi Water pressure used in a water jet cutter 109 Pa 1 GPa Extremely high-pressure chemical reactors (10 kbar) 1.5 GPa Diamond melts using a laser without turning into graphite firstNational Geographic Channel, The known universe (treasure hunt in space) 1.5 GPa Tensile strength of Inconel 625 5.8 GPa Ultimate tensile strength of the polymer Zylon 1010 Pa 10 GPa Pressure at which octaoxygen forms at room temperature (100,000 bar) 18 GPa Pressure needed for the first commercially successful synthesis of diamond 24 to 110 GPa Stability range of enstatite in its perovskite-structured polymorph, possibly the most common mineral inside the Earth 40 GPa Quantum-mechanical electron degeneracy pressure in a block of copper 48 GPa Detonation pressure of pure CL-20, the most powerful high explosive in mass production 10,000,000 psi Highest water jet pressure attained in research lab 96 GPa Pressure at which metallic oxygen forms (960,000 bar) 1011 Pa 100 GPa Theoretical tensile strength of a carbon nanotube (CNT) 130 GPa Ultimate tensile strength of monolayer graphene 360 GPa Pressure inside Earth's inner core (3.64 million bar)495 GPaLower bound at which metallic hydrogen theoretically forms > 600 GPa Pressure attainable with a diamond anvil cellImproved diamond anvil cell allows higher pressures Physics World November 2012 1012 Pa 5 TPa Pressure generated by the National Ignition Facility fusion reactor 1013 Pa 10 TPa Solid matter changes to the metastable inner-shell molecular state 32.9 TPa Pressure at which metallic helium theoretically forms 1014 Pa 100 TPa Pressure generated by the extremely high-pressure laser implosion plasmas generator. 208.4 TPa Pressure at which metallic neon theoretically forms (the highest metallization pressure for any element) 540 TPa Pressure inside an "Ivy Mike"-like nuclear bomb detonation (5.3 billion bar)Calculated: ablation pressure = 5.3e9 bar * 1.01325e5 Pa/bar = 5.44e14 Pa 1015 Pa 6.5 PPa Pressure inside a W80 nuclear warhead detonation (64 billion bar)Calculated: ablation pressure = 6.4e10 bar * 1.01325e5 Pa/bar = 6.48e14 Pa 1016 Pa 25 PPa Pressure inside Sun's core (250 billion bar) 1023 Pa 100 EPa - 100 YPa Pressure inside the core of a white dwarf at the Chandrasekhar limit 1032 Pa 3.2-160 QPa Pressure range inside a neutron star 1035 Pa Approximate pressure at the center of a proton ... ... ... ... 10113 Pa The Planck pressure ()
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