Bardos (; ; )BARDOZE, Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France.INSEE commune file It is part of the former Basque province of Labourd.
Geography Bardos is located some 15 km east of Bayonne just south of Guiche. The north-eastern tip of the commune is also the departmental border between Pyrénées-Atlantiques and Landes. Access to the commune is by the D936 road from Briscous in the west which passes through the heart of the commune and the town and continues east to Bidache. The D253 goes north from the town to Guiche. The D318 goes south from the town to join the D123 west of Orègue. The D10 branches off the D936 in the west of the commune and goes south to La Bastide-Clairence. The A64 autoroute (E80) passes through the north of the commune with the nearest exit being Exit which exits to the D936 just 1 km to the west of the commune. The commune is mostly farmland with scattered forested areas particularly on the slopes.
The town is served by the interurban network of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (Transports 64) by route 811 to Bayonne and Tardets-Sorholus.Transports 64 Timetable for Route 811
There is a dense network of streams across the whole commune. The north-eastern tip of the commune has the Bidouze as the communal and the departmental border. The Ruisseau d'Ermou flows through the commune and joins the Bidouze at the north-eastern tip of the commune. The Ruisseau du Termi forms much of the northern border as it flows north-west to join the Adour north of the commune. Numerous other streams rise in the commune and flow north to the Adour. The Lihoury river forms part of the south-eastern border of the commune as it flows north, fed by the Laharanne, and joins the Bidouze east of Bidache. The Ruisseau d'Appât rises in the commune and flows south to join the Lihoury. The Arbéroue forms much of the southern border of the commune as it flows east to join the Lihoury. The Aran forms most of the western border of the commune as it flows north then turns west to join the Adour. Numerous streams flow in the heart of the commune including the Ruisseau d'Artigue, the Ithurriague, and the Bardolle.
Geology and terrain The area of the commune is 4,253 hectares with a maximum altitude of 186 m on the Miremont hill which is the location of an old 14th century mansion as well as a water tower built on a panoramic viewpoint overlooking the Adour valley.
Climate The climate of Bardos, some twenty kilometres from the Basque coast, is relatively similar to that of Biarritz with fairly heavy rainfall: the oceanic climate due to its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean. The average winter temperature is around 8 °C and around 20 °C in summer. The lowest temperature recorded was −12.7 °C on 16 January 1985 and the highest 40.6 °C on 4 August 2003. Rain on the Basque coast is rarely persistent except during winter storms. It often takes the form of intense thunderstorms of short duration.
Places and hamlets On the Napoleonic Cadastral Map of 1818 the commune was divided into four sections:Napoleonic Cadastral Map 1818 on the Pyrénées-Atlantiques departmental website Section A, Lassarrade Section B, Legarre Section C, Lerine Section D, Ibar
Today, although the division into districts is not precise, there are seven districts: Arbinoritz le Bourg Ibarre Lambert Lassarrade Miremont les Tisserands
Town planning
Housing In 2011 the total number of dwellings in the commune was 716, down from 611 in 2006.INSEE, Lodgings Data see T2 and T7
Of these dwellings, 87% were primary residences, 6.6% were second homes, and 6.3% were occasional homes or vacant units. 69.4% of these dwellings were detached houses and 29.6% were apartments.
The proportion of principle residences owned by their occupants was 74%. The percentage of empty rental public housing was 1.3%.
Toponymy The commune name in Basque is BardozeEuskaltzaindia – Academy of the Basque language and its name in Occitan, gascon dialect is Bardòs.
The name consists of the root bard- or bart- which designates the low terrain and clay soils along the river edges (barthe is from the Gaulish anthroponym bardus) plus the Basque-Aquitaine suffix -os. Jean-Baptiste Orpustan proposes the meaning "place of abundant clay soil".
The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.
Name Spelling Date Source Page Origin Description Bardos Bardos 13th century Raymond Bayonne Village Bardos 1203 Orpustan Bardos 1249 Orpustan Bardos 1305 Orpustan Sancta Maria de Bardos 1693 Raymond Collations Bardoze 19th century Lhande Ascarat Escaratz 1502 Raymond Bardos Farm Berhabe Berhabe 1863 Raymond Farm Castella Castella 1863 Raymond Redoubt Gelos l'ostau de Galos 1502 Raymond Navarre Stream rising in Bardos and Bidache and joining the Lihurry le Gélous 1863 Raymond Jauréguy Jauréguy 1756 Raymond Collations Farm Lichacz l'ostau de Lissaze 1502 Raymond Navarre Farm Paloumères l'ostau de las Paloumeres 1502 Raymond Navarre Farm Plaçoo Plaçoo 1863 Raymond Hamlet
Sources: Raymond: Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, 1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 Orpustan: Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque Toponymy p. 21Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque Toponymy, Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2006, p. 21, Lhande: Basque-French DictionaryPierre Lhande, Basque-French Dictionary, 1926
Origins: Bayonne: Cartulary of Bayonne or Livre d'Or (Book of Gold)Manuscript from the 14th century in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques Collations: Collations of the Diocese of BayonneManuscripts from the 17th and 18th centuries in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques Bardos: Titles of BardosTitles of the commune of Bardos Navarre: Titles of the Kingdom of NavarreTitles of the Kingdom of Navarre in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Bardos appears as Bardos on the 1750 Cassini Map and the same on the 1790 version.
History Bardos has a Paleolithic site. The parish of Bardos has been mentioned since 1072 and the barony of Bardos was created in 1320.Bardos, Ekaina, 1992, p. 15 The commune was incorporated into the Duchy of Gramont in 1643.Jean de Jaurgain and Raymond Ritter, The House of Gramont 1040-1967, Les amis du musée pyrénéen, Tarbes, Vol. 2, p. 34
The parish of Bardos was admitted to the Biltzar of Labourd in 1763 and became a commune in 1790. Originally it was the capital of a canton including the communes of Bardos and Guiche and depended on the district of Ustaritz.
The relationship of Bardos with Labourd had some unusual features (shared with the neighbouring villages of Guiche and Urt).
During the Ancien Régime the three parishes did not dependent judicially on the judicial institutions of Labourd but on the Seneschal of Came.Anne Zink, Country and districts. The Territorial collectives of south-west France under the Ancien Régime, Publications of the Sorbonne, 2000, , p. 34-35 Although they had ceased to participate in the work of the Labourd Biltzar, they are allowed back into meetings in 1763 to contribute to the work of the Biltzar.Anne Zink, Country and districts. The Territorial collectives of south-west France under the Ancien Régime, Publications of the Sorbonne, 2000, , p. 57 According to Anne Zink these events had little meaning: even before this assignment, the three parishes were fiscally labourdine and it was the customs of the province of Labourd that governed their civil law.Anne Zink, The heir of the house – Customary geography of the south-west of France under the Ancien Régime, Éditions de l'EHESS, 1993, , p. 28
From 1770 to 1771 the overall trustee of the Biltzar was Pierre Damestoy from Bardos, notary of the house of Etxebeheiti.
Heraldry
Administration List of Successive MayorsList of Mayors of France
From To Name 1789 1789 Jean Casenave 1789 1790 Pierre Darricau 1790 1792 Gabriel Detchart 1792 1795 Pierre Darricau 1795 1795 Gabriel Detchart 1795 1797 Pierre Darricau 1797 1798 François Larre 1798 1816 Etienne Damestoy 1816 1827 Jean-Baptiste Duclercq 1827 1848 Etienne Damestoy 1848 1849 Mathieu Chapa 1849 1878 Pierre Darricau-Albinoritz 1878 1881 Bernard Celhabe 1881 1919 Pierre Damestoy
Mayors from 1919 From To Name Party Position 1919 1960 Pierre Damestoy Veterinarian 1961 1977 Jean Damestoy Farmer 1977 2008 Pierre Laborde Teacher 2008 2020 Jean Paul Diribarne Metallurgist 2020 2026 Maïder Behoteguy
Judicial and administrative proceedings Bardos falls within the area of the Tribunal d'instance (District court) of Bayonne, the Tribunal de grande instance (High Court) of Bayonne, the Cour d'appel (Court of Appeal) of Pau, the Tribunal pour enfants (Juvenile court) of Bayonne, the Conseil de prud'hommes (Labour Court) of Bayonne, the Tribunal de commerce (Commercial Court) of Bayonne, the Tribunal administratif (Administrative tribunal) of Pau, and the Cour administrative d'appel (Administrative Court of Appeal) of Bordeaux.List of competent jurisdictions for Bardos, Ministry of Justice website
Inter-communality The town belongs to nine inter-communal structures:Communal database for Pyrénées-Atlantiques – Intercommunality
the Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque; the AEP association for the Bidache region; the sanitation association of Adour-Ursuia; the energy association for Pyrénées-Atlantiques; the inter-communal association to protect the banks of the Adour and its tributaries (SIPBAMA) the inter-communal association for the industrial area of Ayherre; the inter-communal association for the support of Basque culture; the Joint association for the Berriak Erreka; the association for the Z.A. Etxecolu industrial area at Bardos.
Bardos was not part of any community of communes until 1 January 2010 when it joined the community of communes of Pays de Bidache.Bardos rejoins the Community of Bidache , Le Journal du Pays Basque, 27 January 2010 Bardos is the headquarters of the Joint association for the Berriak Erreka and also for the union for the association for the Z.A. Etxecolu industrial area.
Environmental policy "Environment and Waste" policy is under inter-communal jurisdiction with household waste collection and sorting for the commune being provided by the Community of communes of Pays de Bidache.Pays de Bidache website
The treatment of the waste is then managed by the Bil Ta Garbi joint association.Bil Ta Garbi website
Demography The inhabitants of the commune are known as Bardoztars.Pyrénées-Atlantiques, habitants.fr
Economy Until the 19th century Bardos was renowned for its lapidary activity.Philippe Veyrin, The Basques, Arthaud, 1975, , p. 303
The commune is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone designation of Ossau-iraty.
There are two industrial estates: Etxekolu and Saint-Martin. The EKI Basque brewery is located in Bardos.
Household incomes and taxation In 2011 the median household income tax was €32,753, placing Bardos at 11,125th place among the 31,886 communes with more than 49 households in metropolitan France.Page RFDM2011COM: Local fiscal revenue of households – 2011, INSEE, consulted on 12 November 2014
Tourism The tourist office of Pays de Bidache covers all seven communes of the community to which Bardos belongs. It is located in Bidache.
The Pays de Bidache is itself a member of the Tourist Information Organisation (PAT) of Nive-Adour-Ursuia with Pays de Hasparren.Pays de Bidache Tourism website, Rural cottages in Bardos page
The commune has two furnished rural cottages for visitors.Pays de Bidache tourist website
Facilities
Education Bardos is located in the Academy of Bordeaux zone.Académy of Bordeaux Map