This is a list of parliamentary by-elections in the United Kingdom since the 2024 United Kingdom general election.
Summary This table lists the names of the incumbent and victor and their respective parties. Where seats changed political party at the election, the result is highlighted: blue for a Conservative gain, red for a Labour gain, orange for a Liberal Democrat gain, turquoise for a Reform gain, green for a Green gain and other colours for any other gains.
By-electionDateIncumbentPartyWinnerPartyCauseRuncorn and Helsby1 May 2025Mike AmesburySarah PochinResigned after suspension from Parliament and being liable to a recall petition after a conviction for assault.Gorton and Denton26 February 2026Andrew GwynneLabour Co-opHannah SpencerResigned due to ill health. He lost the Labour whip after a scandal involving offensive messages in a WhatsApp groupchat.Aberdeen South18 June 2026Stephen FlynnDouglas LumsdenResigned after being elected to the Scottish Parliament. Under regulations introduced by the Scottish Government in 2025,The Scottish Parliament (Disqualification of Members of the House of Commons) Regulations 2025. Retrieved 9 July 2026. individuals may not hold a seat in both the Scottish Parliament and the House of Commons.Arbroath and Broughty Ferry18 June 2026Stephen GethinsLara BirdResigned after being elected to the Scottish Parliament. Under regulations introduced by the Scottish Government in 2025, individuals may not hold a seat in both the Scottish Parliament and the House of Commons.Makerfield18 June 2026Josh SimonsAndy BurnhamLabour Co-opResigned to allow Burnham to stand in the resulting by-election.Clacton13 August 2026Nigel FarageNigel FarageResigned to trigger by-election after controversy over his party's finances.Holborn and St Pancras8 October 2026Keir StarmerTBDTBDResigned to "focus on international affairs" following his resignation as Prime Minister.
By-elections Runcorn and Helsby
On 24 February 2025, incumbent Labour MP for Runcorn and Helsby, Mike Amesbury, was sentenced to 10 weeks in prison for assault which was reduced to a suspended sentence, however, a recall petition was held with Amesbury resigning on 17 March 2025. The by-election was characterised in the media as a fight between Labour and Reform UK. Labour would select Karen Shore, a former teacher and deputy leader of Cheshire West and Chester Council, as their candidate, as Reform UK picked Sarah Pochin, a former Cheshire East Conservative Party councillor before being expelled from the party in 2020. Meanwhile, minor candidates included the Conservatives standing Sean Houlston, a National Federation of Builders executive and former candidate for the neighbouring seat of Widnes and Halewood, and Green candidate Chris Copeman, a local councillor in Helsby as their candidate. Other candidates included Michael Williams as an independent, Danny Clarke for the Liberal Party, and Jason Hughes for Volt UK.
Pochin and Reform UK won the by-election, overturning Labour's 14,696-vote majority from the last general election with Pochin being the first non-Labour MP to hold the seat in 50 years. The initial vote count saw Pochin win by just 4 votes, which was extended to 6 votes following a recount requested by Labour. It was the closest by-election result since at least the Second World War, the previous narrowest being a majority of 57. The results were seen as a major upset for Reform UK with Labour pinning their defeat on cuts to the winter fuel payment.
Gorton and Denton
On 23 January 2026, incumbent Labour Co-op MP for Gorton and Denton, Andrew Gwynne, formally resigned from Parliament citing significant ill health, triggering a by-election. The by-election was characterised in the media as a three-horse race between the Green Party, Reform UK and Labour. The Greens selected Hannah Spencer, a local councillor and community activist, as their candidate. Reform UK selected Matt Goodwin, a high-profile commentator, while Labour chose Angeliki Stogia, a Manchester councillor. Spencer and the Green Party won the by-election with 14,980 votes and a majority of 4,402, overturning Labour's 13,413-vote majority from the 2024 general election and marking the first ever Westminster by-election victory for the Greens. Matt Goodwin finished second with 10,578 votes, while Angeliki Stogia came third with 9,364. The result was seen as a historic upset and a major blow to the Labour government under Starmer.
Aberdeen South
A by-election took place in Aberdeen South on 18 June, following the resignation of Stephen Flynn (then-leader of the Scottish National Party in the House of Commons) after his election to the Scottish Parliament at the 2026 Scottish Parliament election. Despite Labour placing second at the 2024 general election, the by-election was characterised as a two-horse race between the Conservative Party and the SNP. The SNP selected Richard Thomson, a former MP, as their candidate. The Conservatives picked incumbent MSP Douglas Lumsden, while Labour chose Nurul Hoque Ali, an Aberdeen councillor. Reform UK also contested the by-election, fielding former nurse Jo Hart as its candidate. Lumsden and the Conservative Party won the by-election with 14,308 votes and a majority of 6,050, marking the party's first ever Scottish by-election gain since 1967. Thomson finished second with 8,258 votes, while Hart came third with 2,478. Ali finished fourth with 1,550 votes.
Arbroath and Broughty Ferry
A by-election took place in Arbroath and Broughty Ferry on 18 June, following the resignation of SNP MP Stephen Gethins after his election to the Scottish Parliament. The SNP selected Lara Bird, a PhD student, as their candidate. Labour and the Conservatives picked Angus councillors Heather Doran and Jack Cruickshanks, respectively, while Reform UK fielded former party candidate Bill Reid. The Liberal Democrats also contested the by-election, fielding former party candidate Tanvir Ahmad. Bird and the SNP won the by-election with 9,802 votes and a majority of 5,278, expanding on their majority from the previous general election. Cruickshanks finished second with 4,524 votes, while Reid came third with 4,341. Doran finished fourth with 3,651 votes, and Ahmed came fifth with 1,452.
Makerfield
A by-election took place in Makerfield on 18 June. On 14 May 2026, Labour MP Josh Simons announced that he would stand down from parliament in order to allow Andy Burnham, the Mayor of Greater Manchester, to contest the seat. The by-election was characterised as a two-horse race between Reform UK and Labour, with the former making gains in this area at the local elections weeks prior. Burnham was selected as the Labour Co-op candidate, while Reform UK fielded Wigan councillor and local plumber Robert Kenyon. Standing in its first Westminster by-election, Restore Britain chose local businesswoman Rebecca Shepherd as its candidate. The Conservative Party selected former Wigan mayor Michael Winstanley, with the Liberal Democrats fielding Stockport councillor Jake Austin. In addition, the Green Party selected Manchester councillor Sarah Wakefield as its candidate. Burnham and Labour won the by-election with 24,927 votes and a majority of 9,231, growing on its result at the 2024 general election. Kenyon finished second with 15,696 votes, while Shepherd came third with 3,111. Winstanley, Wakefield, and Austin finished in a distant fourth, fifth, and sixth, respectively. The by-election result increased pressure on Starmer within the Labour Party, with him announcing his resignation on 22 June. Burnham won the leadership election.
Clacton
A by-election took place on 13 August, after the resignation of Nigel Farage, MP in Clacton, on 8 July 2026, following his involvement in an investigation by the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards. The Conservative Party, Labour Party, Liberal Democrats, Green Party and Restore Britain all ruled out standing candidates against Farage, thus boycotting the contest in the process. Farage and Reform won the by-election with 22,329 votes and a majority of 12,874 votes, an improvement on their result at the 2024 general election. Count Binface, a perennial candidate, finished second with 9,455 votes.
Holborn and St Pancras
A by-election in Holborn and St Pancras is scheduled for 8 October 2026 following the resignation of MP and former Prime Minister Keir Starmer. Green party leader Zack Polanski was selected as the party's candidate in this by-election.
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