This is a list of the rulers of the Umayyad dynasty, which was a branch of Quraysh tribe descended from Umayya ibn Abd Shams.

Umayyad Caliphs (661-750)

No. Coin Name Reign Parents Life details Sufyanids1 Mu'awiya I 28 July 661–27 April 680 Abu Sufyan ibn Harb Hind bint Utba597-605 – 27 April 680 Became caliph at the end of First Fitna. Damascus becomes the capital of the Caliphate. First Arab Siege of Constantinople (674). Conquest of Ifriqiya under Uqba ibn Nafi.2 Yazid I 27 April 680–11 November 683 Mu'awiya I Maysun bint Bahdal646 – 11 November 683 Heir apparent of Mu'awiya I; first dynastic succession in caliphate's history. Husayn ibn Ali's death; start of Second Fitna. Rival caliphate of Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr (683). Sieges of Mecca and Medina (683).3 Mu'awiya II 11 November 683–June 684 Yazid I Fakhitah bint Abi Hisham664 – 684 Heir apparent of Yazid I; nominal rule ending in his early death. Marwanids4 Marwan I June 684–12 April 685 al-Hakam ibn Abi al-As Amina bint Alqama623/626 – April/May 685 Elected by loyalists due to the youth of Yazid's sons. Secured Syria for Umayyads (684); recovered Egypt from the Zubayrids.5 Abd al-Malik 12 April 685–8 October 705 Marwan I A'isha bint Mu'awiyaJuly 644/647 – 9 October 705 Death of ibn al-Zubayr, Umayyad victory in the Second Fitna (692). Construction of the Dome of the Rock (691). Arabic made official language; Islamic coinage introduced. Fall of Carthage (698); conquest of Ifriqiya (701).6 al-Walid I 8 October 705–23 February 715 Abd al-Malik Wallada bint al-AbbasJuly 674 – 23 February 715 First heir of Abd al-Malik. Conquests of Maghreb (709), Hispania (711), Sindh and Transoxiana (712). Construction of the Umayyad Mosque (715).7 Sulayman 23 February 715–22 September 717675 – 24 September 717 Second heir of Abd al-Malik. Second Siege of Constantinople (717).8 Umar II 22 September 717–4 February 720 Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan Layla bint Asim680 – 5 February 720 Named heir by his cousin, Sulayman. Maternal great-grandson of Umar I. Ended the failing Siege of Constantinople. Ended jizya collection from non-Arab Muslim converts. Revered in Islamic historiography as the a righteous caliph.9 Yazid II 4 February 720–26 January 724 Abd al-Malik Atika bint Yazid I690/691 – 26 January 724 Named second heir by his brother, Sulayman. Maternal grandson of Yazid I. Largely reversed Umar II's reforms. Resumed warfare against the Khazars.10 Hisham 26 January 724–6 February 743 Abd al-Malik A'isha bint Hisham691 – 6 February 743 Named first heir by his brother, Yazid II. Defeats at Tolouse (721) and Tours (732); end of expansion into Europe. Setbacks against Khazars (730) and Byzantines (740). Berber Revolt (740); permanent independence of Maghreb from the Caliphate.11 al-Walid II 6 February 743–17 April 744 Yazid II Umm al-Hajjaj bint Muhammad709 – 17 April 744 Named second heir by his father, Yazid II. Alienated elites with his dissolute lifestyle. Overthrown and killed by his cousin, Yazid III.12 Yazid III 17 April 744–4 October 744 al-Walid I Shah-i Afrid, a Persian princess701 – 4 October 744 Overthrew his cousin; pledged to govern based on consultation (shura). Died of a brain tumor.13 Ibrahim 4 October 744–4 December 744 al-Walid I Su'ar/Budayra, concubined. January 750 Succeeded his brother Yazid III admist the ongoing Third Fitna. Forced to abdicate after his forces were defeated by Marwan II. Executed after Abbasid takeover (750).14 Marwan II 4 December 744–25 January 750 Muhammad ibn Marwan Rayya/Taruba, concubine691 – 6 August 750 Grandson of Marwan I; usurped Ibrahim. Abbasid revolution escalates (747) Defeated by Abbasids (750); fled to Egypt, where he was executed.

Umayyad rulers of Córdoba (756-1031)

No. Coin Name Reign Parents Notable Events Emirs of Córdoba1 Abd al-Rahman I 15 May 756–30 September 788 Mu'awiya ibn Hisham Raha, Berber concubine7 March 731 – 30 September 788 Grandson of caliph Hisham (r. 724-743). Survived Abbasid purges; fled to Al-Andalus. Consolidated rule by defeating Fihrids. Adopted the title of Emir. Repelled Abbasid invasion of al-Andalus (763) Construction of Mosque of Cordoba (787).2 Hisham I 6 October 788–16 April 796 Abd al-Rahman I Halul757 – 16 April 796 Son and heir of Abd al-Rahman I. Expeditions against Franks (793). Known for his piety. 3 al-Hakam I 12 June 796–21 May 822 Hisham I Zokhrouf771 – 21 May 822 Second son and heir of Hisham I. Suppressed rebellions in Toledo (797) and Cordoba (806, 818).4 Abd al-Rahman II 21 May 822–852 al-Hakam I792 – 852 Exiles from al-Hakam I's reign conquer Crete (824/827). Viking attacks on Seville and Cordoba (844). Executions of the martyrs of Cordoba.5 Muhammad I 852–886 Abd al-Rahman II Nahtiz823 – 886 Executions of the martyrs of Cordoba. Rebellion of Umar ibn Hafsun (882).6 al-Mundhir 886–888 Muhammad I Athel842 – 888 Died besieging Bobastro; possibly killed by his brother, Abd Allah.7 Abdullah 888–15 October 912 Muhammad I Ashar844 – 912 Brother of al-Mundhir. Widespread rebellions; rise of local lords. 8 Abd al-Rahman III 16 October 912–17 January 929 Muhammad ibn Abd Allah Muzna18 December 890 – 15 October 961 Grandson and heir of Abd Allah. Subjugation of rebel lords; restoration of Umayyad rule. Establishment of Saqaliba, Slavic slave soldiers. Umar ibn Hafsun's death (917); end of rebellion (928). Adopted the title of caliph (929). Caliphs of Córdoba1 Abd al-Rahman III 17 January 929–15 October 961 Muhammad ibn Abd Allah Muzna18 December 890 – 15 October 961 Construction of Medinat al-Zahra (936).2 al-Hakam II 15 October 961–1 October 976 Abd al-Rahman III Murjan13 January 915 – 16 October 976 Heir apparent of Caliph Abd al-Rahman III. Launch of a massive translation movement. War against the Fatimids in Maghreb (974). 3 Hisham II 16 October 976–15 February 1009 Al-Hakam II Subh966 – 1013 Only son of Al-Hakam II; ascended as a child. Rise of Almanzor (981) and his son (1002) as de facto rulers. Almanzor's campaigns against Christian kingdoms. Spent his reign under house arrest. Deposed by his cousin, Muhammad II.4 Muhammad II February 1009 Hisham bin Abd al-Jabbar Muzna976 – 23 June 1010 Great-grandson of Abd al-Rahman III. Usurped Hisham II; Andalusian civil war begins. Defeated by Berber rebels.5 Sulayman February 1009–May 1010 al-Hakam ibn Sulayman Thabiya965 – 23 June 1016 Great-grandson of Abd al-Rahman III; proclaimed caliph by rebels. Captured Córdoba from Muhammad II. Reinstalled Hisham II, before usurping him. Defeated by Muhammad II.(4)Muhammad II May 1010–June 1010 Hisham bin Abd al-Jabbar Muzna976 – 23 June 1010 Defeated Sulayman with his saqaliba. Abandoned by his soldiers after a defeat by Sulayman. Arrested and executed by his vizier Wadih.(3) Hisham II 23 July 1010–19 April 1013 Al-Hakam II Subh966 – 1013 Reinstalled by Wadih as a titular ruler. Fall of Córdoba to Sulayman. Fate unknown; killed or escaped into exile.(5) Sulayman 1013–1016 al-Hakam ibn Sulayman Thabiya965 – 23 June 1016 Recaptured Cordoba with Berber forces. Executed after Hammudid capture of Córdoba. Hammudid interregnum (1016-1018)6 Abd al-Rahman IV 1018 Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malikd. 1018 Great-grandson of Abd al-Rahman III. Proclaimed caliph by some conspirators after Ali al-Nasir's assassination. Killed in a campaign to capture Córdoba. Hammudid interregnum (1018-1023)7 Abd al-Rahman V 1023–1024 Hisham bin Abd al-Jabbar Ghaia1001 – 1024 Great-grandson of Abd al-Rahman III; brother of Muhammad II. Chosen by Córdobans after al-Qasim's expulsion. Deposed by a gruntled mob; executed soon after.8 Muhammad III 17 January 1024–26 May 1025 Abd al-Rahman bin Ubayd Allah Hawra976 – 1025 Great-grandson of Abd al-Rahman III; chosen by Córdobans. Fled Córdoba as plots to depose him surfaced; possibly killed during escape. Hammudid interregnum (1025-1026)9 Hisham III 1027–1031 Muhammad bin Abd al-Malik Ateb973 – 1036 Great-grandson of Abd al-Rahman III; brother of Abd al-Rahman IV. Chosen by Córdobans after Hammudid departure. Deposed and exiled after riots due to his unpopular rule. End of Córdoban state; al-Andalus collapses into Taifas.

Genealogy

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