The 2025 teachers' movement in Nepal was a nationwide protest led by public school teachers from across the country. A Kathmandu-centered peaceful protest began on 2 April 2025. The agitation was called by the Nepal Teachers' Federation, demanding the swift passage of the School Education Bill. During the protest, teachers demanded the implementation of previous agreements reached with the government. Their key demands ranged from job security, salary and benefits, and social security to the revocation of the authority over teacher management that had been granted to local levels .
Background After the 2015 Constitution, the government, implementing the federal governance system, has delegated the authority for teacher management and recruitment, which was devolved to the local levels. Teachers' associations had been criticizing the new arrangement of managing teachers by the Local Government. They argue that it led to widespread interference, political pressure, and increased inequality. There was also widespread dissatisfaction regarding the proposed Education Bill 2024, as it appeared not to address the expectations of the teaching community . Demands The movement, which was led by the Federation of Nepal Teachers, gradually spread across the country. Schools were closed and teaching was affected. The main demands of the movement include: Guarantee of employment security to the temporary, contract and relief teachers. Equality in salary and service facilities (to the civil servants). Inclusion of all teachers in Social Security Fund Teacher management authority should be in the federal level. Protest Diary A peaceful demonstration called by Federation of Nepal Teachers started in Kathmandu demanding immediate passage of the Education Bill. The federation issued a press release demanding that the education bill be introduced in parliament immediately to end the agitation . On the day of New Year (1st Baisakh) mentionable number of teachers protested from Maitighar to New Baneshwor. The protest made the public transportation a chaos The minister of Education Bidya Bhattarai resigned from her position on 21 April. The National Exam Board postponed the Class 12 Exam schedule scheduled to kick off from 24 April. The Board postponed the exam after the direction from PM KP Oli on 22 April On 27 April, the 26th day of the agitation, clashes broke out during the demonstration in Singhadurbar area of Kathmandu. Twenty-seven teachers, a journalist and some security personnel were injured in the clashes . On 30th of April, talk held between Education Minister Raghuji Panta and the Federation of Nepal Teachers reached to an agreement. Either parties signed a nine-point agreement and the agitation was postponed. The main points of the agreement included employment security to the teachers, recognition of previous agreements, and passage of the education bill .
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