This timeline of extinctions is a chronological list of biological species, subspecies, and other evolutionary significant units recorded to have disappeared during the course of the 19th century of the second millennium.

Following the parent timeline of extinctions in the Holocene, the entries included range from 1800 to 1899, even though the 19th century is properly established to have lasted from January 1, 1801, to December 31, 1900. For extinctions in 1900, see timeline of extinctions in the 20th century.

The list is incomplete by necessity, since the majority of extinctions are thought to be undocumented, and for many others there isn't a definitive, widely accepted last, or most recent record. According to the species-area theory, the present rate of extinction may be up to 140,000 species per year.S.L. Pimm, G.J. Russell, J.L. Gittleman and T.M. Brooks, The Future of Biodiversity, Science 269: 347–350 (1995)

Timeline

1800s

Last recordCommon nameBinomial nameFormer rangeDeclared extinctCausesPicture1800Domed Rodrigues giant tortoiseCylindraspis peltastesRodrigues1994 Possibly hunting and introduced predators and competitors.Saddle-backed Rodrigues giant tortoiseCylindraspis vosmaeri1801Bory's white bathttps://www.artensterben.de/en/borys-white-bat/Boryptera albaRéunionProbably deforestation and predation by introduced rats.Brial, P. (2001). Une espèce inconnue de microchiroptère observée par Bory de Saint-Vincent à l'île de la Réunion en 1801. Bulletin de la Société Geographique de la Réunion, 1(5).1802Smooth handfishSympterichthys unipennisSoutheastern Tasmania?2020 Fishing? Assessed as extinct in 2020, but upgraded to Data Deficient in 2021.1803Hoffstetter's worm snakeMadatyphlops carieiMauritius1994 Probably introduced predators.1806Wynberg conebushLeucadendron grandiflorumCape Peninsula, South Africa2020 Probably habitat destruction.1807St. Paul Island duckMareca sp.Île Saint-Paul, French Southern and Antarctic LandsHunting.

1810s

Last recordCommon nameBinomial nameFormer rangeDeclared extinctCausesPicture1810Campbell Island parakeetCyanoramphus sp.Campbell Island, New Zealand1840Predation by introduced brown rats.Saint Helena heliotropeHeliotropium pannifoliumCoastal lowlands of Saint Helena2016 Predation by introduced goats.https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/67379124/67379134 1819Kangaroo Island emuDromaius novaehollandiae baudinianusKangaroo Island, Australia18371988 Hunting.

1820s

+Last recordCommon nameBinomial nameFormer rangeDeclared extinctCausesPicture1820Manchester mothEuclemensia woodiellaKersal Moor, EnglandUndetermined.Gandy, M. (2016). Moth. Reaktion Books.1820–1829Amynthas japonicusPossibly Dejima or Nagasaki, JapanPossibly habitat loss.1821–1822Providence blue pigeonAlectroenas sp.Islands St. Pierre and Providence, SeychellesUndetermined.1822Manila Bay herringClupea manulensisManila Bay, PhilippinesOverfishing, habitat destruction, and pollution.King Island emuDromaius novaehollandiae minorKing Island, Australia1988 Hunting.1823Vava'u pigeonColumba vitiensis ssp.Vava'u Islands, TongaUndetermined.Madeira finchGoniaphea leucocephalaMadeira, PortugalUndetermined.Spotted green pigeonCaloenas maculataTahiti, French Polynesia?2008 Hunting?Maupiti monarchPomarea pomareaMaupiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia1988 Probably introduced species.1824Newfoundland duckAnas fuscescensNewfoundland, CanadaUndetermined.1825Mysterious starlingAplonis mavornataMauke, Cook Islands1988 Predation by introduced brown rats.Mauke fruit dovePtilinopus rarotongensis byronensisMauke, Cook IslandsUndetermined.ʻĀmauiMyadestes woahensisOahu, Hawaii, United States1988 Possibly habitat destruction and introduced avian malaria.1826Mauritius blue pigeonAlectroenas nitidissimusMauritiusDeforestation.1826–1839Mangareva reed warblerAcrocephalus astrolabiiPossibly the Gambier Islands, French PolynesiaLikely deforestation and introduced predators.1827–1828Kosrae crakeZapornia monasaKosrae, Micronesia18801988 Predation by introduced rats.1828Kosrae starlingAplonis corvinaProbably predation by introduced rats.Bonin grosbeakCarpodacus ferreorostrisBonin Islands, Japan18541988 Possibly deforestation and predation by introduced cats and rats.There were unconfirmed reports from locals in 1890. Bonin thrushZoothera terrestris18891988 Probably predation by introduced cats and rats.c. 1829The Reptile DatabaseTonga ground skinkTachygyia microlepisTonga1996 Habitat loss and predation by introduced dogs, pigs, and rats.

1830s

Last recordCommon nameBinomial nameFormer rangeDeclared extinctCausesPicture1830Kotzebue's lorikeetCharmosyna samoensisSamoaUndetermined.1830–1839Delcourt's giant geckoGigarcanum delcourtiNew Caledonia?Undetermined.Heinicke, Matthew P.; Nielsen, Stuart V.; Bauer, Aaron M.; Kelly, Ryan; Geneva, Anthony J.; Daza, Juan D.; Keating, Shannon E.; Gamble, Tony (2023-06-19). "Reappraising the evolutionary history of the largest known gecko, the presumably extinct Hoplodactylus delcourti, via high-throughput sequencing of archival DNA". Scientific Reports. 13 (1): 9141.Phillip Island glory peaStreblorrhiza speciosaPhillip Island, Australia1978 Predation by introduced feral pigs, goats and rabbits.1831Deyeuxia lawrenceiPossibly near Launceston, Tasmania, AustraliaUndetermined.1834Delalande's couaCoua delalandeiNosy Boraha, Madagascar1994 Deforestation.Mascarene parrotMascarinus mascarinRéunion1804 1988 Hunting.Atlas bearUrsus arctos crowtheriNorthern MaghrebPossibly habitat fragmentation.Hamdine, W. et al. (1998) "Histoire récente de l'ours brun au Maghreb". C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sciences de la Vie / Life Sciences, Vol. 321, pp. 565–570. 1835Darwin's large ground finchGeospiza magnirostris magnirostrisFloreana and San Cristóbal, Galápagos Islands1838Habitat destruction and introduced predators.1837Oʻahu ʻakialoaAkialoa ellisianaOahu, Hawaii, United States2016 Possibly habitat destruction and introduced disease.Hoopoe starlingFregilupus variusRéunion1988 Possibly introduced disease, hunting, and habitat degradation.Oʻahu ʻōʻōMoho apicalisOahu, Hawaii, United States18901988 Habitat loss and introduction of disease-carrying mosquitos.Mauritius owlOtus sauzieriMauritius18591988 Possibly deforestation, hunting, and predation by introduced mammals.Martinique curlytail lizardLeiocephalus herminieriMartinique2017 Undetermined.1838–1841Oʻahu nukupuʻuHemignathus lucidusOahu, Hawaii, United States18901839Réunion slit-eared skinkGongylomorphus borbonicusRéunionProbably predation by introduced snakes.Trianthema cypseleoidesHawkesbury River, New South Wales, AustraliaUndetermined.1839–1841Large Samoan flying foxPteropus coxiSamoan Islands2020 Undetermined.

1840s

Last recordCommon nameBinomial nameFormer rangeDeclared extinctCausesPicturec. 1840Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. A.G.J. Rhodin, P.C.H. Pritchard, P.P. van Dijk, R.A. Saumure, K.A. Buhlmann, J.B. Iverson, and R.A. Mittermeier, Eds. Chelonian Research Monographs (ISSN 1088-7105) No. 5, doi:10.3854/crm.5.000e.fossil.checklist.v1.2015Réunion giant tortoiseCylindraspis indicaRéunion1994 Undetermined.1840Dieffenbach's RailHypotaenidia dieffenbachiiChatham Islands, New Zealand18721988 Possibly introduced predators and habitat loss from fire.Littoraria flammeaChinese coast1996 Habitat loss.Dulvy, N. K., Pinnegar, J. K., & Reynolds, J. D. (2009). Holocene extinctions in the sea. In Holocene Extinctions, pgs. 129–150.Weinmannia spiraeoidesOvalau, Fiji1998 Undetermined.1842Rodrigues giant day geckoPhelsuma gigasRodrigues1874Possibly introduced Norway rats.Cheke, A. & Hume, J.P. (2009) Lost land of the dodo: The ecological history of Mauritius, Réunion and Rodrigues. T & AD Poyser, London, 480 pages.1843Big-eared hopping mouseNotomys macrotisWest-central Western Australia, Australia2016 Predation by cats and habitat degradation.1844Black-fronted parakeetCyanorhamphus zealandicusTahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia1988 Possibly deforestation, hunting, and predation by introduced species.1846Darling Downs hopping mouseNotomys mordaxDarling Downs, Queensland, Australia1982 Possibly predation by introduced cats, and habitat destruction by agriculture and livestock farming.Liverpool Plains striped bandicootPerameles fasciataNorth-central New South Wales, Australia2022 Undetermined.1847Logania depressaEast of Waiouru and north of Moawhango, New ZealandHabitat degradation.1849Clubmoss everlastingOzothamnus selaginoidesMount Wellington, Tasmania, AustraliaUndetermined.

1850s

Last recordCommon nameBinomial nameFormer rangeDeclared extinctCausesPicturec. 1850Daudin's giant tortoiseAldabrachelys gigantea daudiniiMahé, SeychellesUndetermined.Floreana giant tortoiseChelonoidis nigerFloreana, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador1996 Probably hunting and introduced species.Southern black rhinocerosDiceros bicornis bicornisSouthwestern AfricaUndetermined.Rookmaaker, L.C. & Groves, C.P. (1977) The extinct Cape rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis bicornis (Linnaeus, 1758). In Szugetierkundliche Mitteilwnge, pg. 117–126.1850Javan elephantElephas maximus sondaicusJava, Indonesia; introduced to Sulu, PhilippinesUndetermined.Turquoise-throated pufflegEriocnemis godiniNorthern EcuadorHabitat destruction.There was an unconfirmed sighting in 1976. Spectacled cormorantUrile perspicillatusCommander Islands, Russia; Northeast Japan (Pleistocene)Watanabe, J., Matsuoka, H., & Hasegawa, Y. (2018). Pleistocene fossils from Japan show that the recently extinct Spectacled Cormorant (Phalacrocorax perspicillatus) was a relict. The Auk: Ornithological Advances, 135(4), 895–907.18821988 Hunting.1850-1900Imber's petrelPterodroma imberiChatham Islands, New ZealandHunting and predation by introduced cats.1851Tasmanian emuDromaius novaehollandiae diemenensisTasmania, AustraliaHunting.Some animals were said to survive in captivity until the 1870s, but these could have been imported from Australia (Hume, 2017).Norfolk kākāNestor productusNorfolk Island, Australia1988 Hunting and habitat destruction by introduced rabbits, pigs, and goats.Diospyros angulataMauritius2025 Invasive species, and habitat destruction.Jamaican giant galliwaspCelestus occiduusJamaicaExtermination by introduced predators such as mongooses.Before 1852Letitia's thorntailDiscosura letitiaeBoliviaUndetermined.1852Canaridiscus engonatusTenerife, Canary Islands, SpainPossibly urbanization.Canaridiscus retextusLa Palma, Canary Islands, SpainPossibly deforestation.Great aukPinguinus impennisNorth Atlantic and western Mediterranean1988 Hunting.1853Lord Howe pigeonColumba vitiensis godmanaeLord Howe Island, Australia1855–1875StringwoodAcalypha rubrinervisCentral ridge of St Helena island1998 Undetermined.Before 1856Whitenose bubble-nest frogPseudophilautus leucorhinusSri Lanka2004 Possibly habitat loss. 1856Sandhills crayfishProcambarus angustatusSand Hills, Georgia, United States2006 Undetermined.Small Samoan flying foxPteropus allenorumUpolu, Samoa2020 Undetermined.1857Southern barred bandicootPerameles notinaSouthern Australia2025 Pastoral development, habitat alteration, and predation by introduced cats.1858Variable bush frogPseudophilautus variabilisSri Lanka2004 Possibly habitat loss due to agriculture.1859KioeaChaetoptila angustiplumaHawaiʻi, Oahu, and Maui, Hawaii, United States1988 Possibly deforestation, hunting, and introduced predators.Pseudophilautus pardusSri Lanka2004 Possibly habitat loss due to agriculture.

1860s