List of endemic birds of Hawaii

There are 71 known taxa of birds endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, of which 30 are extinct, 6 possibly extinct and 30 of the remaining 48 species and subspecies are listed as endangered or threatened by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. In the era following Western contact, habitat loss and avian disease are thought to have had the greatest effect on endemic bird species in Hawaii, although native peoples are implicated in the loss of dozens of species before the arrival of Captain Cook and others, in large part due to the arrival of the Polynesian rat (Rattus exulans) which came along with the first Polynesians.

List of species The following is a list of bird species and subspecies endemic to the Hawaiian Islands:

Procellariidae Hawaiian petrel or uau, Pterodroma sandwichensis Newell's shearwater or ao, Puffinus newelli Bryan's shearwater, Puffinus bryani (P. assimilis: ) Bonin petrel, Pterodroma hypoleuca 99% of the total population breeds on the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

Anatidae Hawaiian goose or nēnē, Branta sandvicensis Hawaiian duck or koloa maoli, Anas wyvilliana Laysan duck, Anas laysanensis

Diomedeidae Laysan albatross, Phoebastria immutabilis 99.7% of the total population breeds on the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Black-footed albatross, Phoebastria nigripes 97.5% of the total population breeds on the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

Accipitridae Hawaiian hawk or io, Buteo solitarius

Rallidae Laysan rail, Porzana palmeri † Hawaiian rail or moho, Porzana sandwichensis † Hawaiian gallinule or alae ula, Gallinula chloropus sandwichensis (G. chloropus: ) Hawaiian coot or alae keokeo, Fulica alai

Recurvirostridae Hawaiian stilt or aeo, Himantopus mexicanus knudseni (H. mexicanus: )

Laridae Hawaiian black noddy or noio, Anous minutus melanogenys (A. minutus: )

Strigidae Pueo, Asio flammeus sandwichensis (A. flammeus: )

Mohoidae Kauai ōō, Moho braccatus † Oahu ōō, Moho apicalis † Bishop's ōō, Moho bishopi † Hawaii ōō, Moho nobilis † Kioea, Chaetoptila angustipluma †

Corvidae Hawaiian crow or alala, Corvus hawaiiensis

Monarchidae Kauai elepaio, Chasiempis sclateri Oahu elepaio, Chasiempis ibidis Hawaii elepaio, Chasiempis sandwichensis

Sylviidae Laysan millerbird, Acrocephalus familaris familaris † Nihoa millerbird, Acrocephalus familaris kingi

Turdidae Kamao, Myadestes myadestinus † Puaiohi, Myadestes palmeri Olomao, Myadestes lanaiensis Āmaui, Myadestes (lanaiensis) woahensis † Omao, Myadestes obscurus

Fringillidae

See also List of birds of Hawaii List of bird species introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Endemism in the Hawaiian Islands List of extinct animals of the Hawaiian Islands

References (2005). Hawaii's Birds. Hawaii Audubon Society. Sixth ed.

External links USGS Biology Programs, Informative site but species classification is out of date IUCN Redlist of Threatened Species Hawai'i's Endemic Forest Birds - Distribution, Status and Population Updates 2002 Hawaii's Species of Greatest Conservation Need: Process and SGCN Fact Sheets