Elections to the South Dakota Senate were held on November 5, 1940, to elect 35 candidates to the Senate to serve a two-year term in the 27th South Dakota Legislature. Republicans won thirty-one seats, a gain of one from the thirty they won at the 1938 general election, retaining their supermajority status in the chamber. Democrats won four seats, a loss of one from 1938. Republican Senator D. J. Tiede of Parkston (District 4, Douglas–Hutchinson) was elected President pro tempore of the Senate.

This election took place alongside races for U.S. presidential electors, U.S. House, governor, state house, and numerous other state and local elections.

See also List of South Dakota state legislatures

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