Chylinski is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
Andreas Chyliński (born 1590), Polish composer Andrzej Chylinski (born 1960), American racewalker Józef Chyliński (1904–1985), Polish soldier and resistance fighter Keith J. Chylinski (born 1971), American Catholic prelate Melchor Chyliński (1694–1741), Polish Roman Catholic priest Michał Chyliński (born 1986), Polish basketball player Samuel Bogusław Chyliński (1631–1668), first translator and publisher of the Bible in Lithuanian Tadeusz Chyliński (1911–1978), Polish aeroplane designer, constructor and researcher
See also Chylinski coat of arms, one of the most ancient Polish coats of arms