Historically, many European political parties have included antisemitic elements in their platforms, but the term "antisemitic political party" is most specifically used to refer to a series of political organizations that made the "Jewish question" a central political issue to mobilize voters, particularly in Europe (especially German Empire) during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Nazi Party was in power in Germany from 1933 to 1945 and was historically the most far-right antisemitic political party, which eventually led to the Holocaust. Even today, there are political parties whose policies involve antisemitism in Europe, the Middle East, Japan or elsewhere.

In Germany The term "antisemitic parties" () refers to several political parties in the German Empire (1871–1918) that established antisemitism as a core element of their party platform. Although they succeeded in winning a number of constituencies, they remained politically insignificant overall. These parties were heavily focused on economic policy and were primarily supported by Protestants in rural regions.

The individual antisemitic parties were successful in various regions and occasionally cooperated within the Reichstag. Following the 1893 German federal election, they formed a parliamentary group consisting of 16 deputies for the first time.Hermann Greive: Geschichte des modernen Antisemitismus in Deutschland. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1983, S. 70.

From 1903 to 1918, the Economic Union (Wirtschaftliche Vereinigung) served as a parliamentary group that unified these deputies alongside other independent representatives.

The following are classified as antisemitic parties: German Social Party (Deutschsoziale Partei), founded in 1889. German Reform Party (German: Deutsche Reformpartei), founded in 1890 (known as the Antisemitische Volkspartei until 1893). German Social Reform Party (German: Deutschsoziale Reformpartei), a merger of the two aforementioned parties from 1894 to 1900. Christian Social Party (German: Christlich-soziale Partei), founded in 1878.

Other parties also held antisemitic positions (such as the German Conservative Party from 1892 onwards) or adopted antisemitic rhetoric after 1918. While additional parties may have had antisemites within their ranks or shared specific views with the antisemitic parties, they are generally not classified as part of this group.

The Jewish German–American political theorist Hannah Arendt (1906–1975) wrote regarding these parties:

Other regions Iran

The Principalists is dominant conservative political faction in Iran, have been characterized by scholars as promoting antisemitic ideologies under the guise of anti-Zionism. While officially distinguishing between Judaism and the "Zionist regime", the faction has frequently utilized classical antisemitic tropes and Holocaust denial as tools of statecraft.

During the presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, a prominent figure in the Principalist camp (especially "Deviant current"), the Iranian government organized the International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust in 2006, which invited numerous international Holocaust deniers. This event was analyzed by historian Meir Litvak as a systematic effort to delegitimize the State of Israel by attacking the historical reality of the Holocaust, thereby blending political anti-Zionism with racial and religious antisemitism.

Japan

Japanese fascist or para-fascist parties in the 1930s to early 1940s, including Shakai Taishuto (since 1938), the Great Japan Youth Party, and Tōhōkai, were influenced by Germany's National Socialism. Their agitation was often mixed with anti-Semitic rhetoric.

In 1989, the , dubbed "antisemitic political party", was founded. The party criticized Jews in 28 categories in the election papers of the 1992 Japanese House of Councillors election. However, the party has practically ceased operations since 2013.「参議院比例代表選出議員選挙」（地球維新党部分）平成4年7月26日執行。 ["Election of proportional representation of the House of Councillors" (Part of the Global Restoration Party) was implemented on July 26, 1992.]

The major politicians of the far-right ultraconservative Sanseitō party, founded in 2020, use antisemitic rhetoric, highlighting and condemning the conflict between "Judeo-Christian" and "Japanese" civilizations. That party claims that "Jewish international financial capital" has "effectively controlled Japan and targeted it for centuries".

Lebanon

Palestine

While the 1988 Hamas charter was widely described as antisemitic, Hamas's 2017 charter removed the antisemitic language and declared Zionists, not Jews, the targets of their struggle. Some sources maintain its condemnation of Zionists is antisemitic.

Yemen

The Houthi movement's official slogan, displayed on their flag, reads "God is great, Death to America, Death to Israel, Curse on the Jews, Victory to Islam".

List of political parties Neo-Nazi political parties outside Germany after 1945 do not add to the list unless they have a significant level of political influence; see list of neo-Nazi organizations. Historical and current parties in Germany German Empire: German Conservative Party, Christian Social Party, German Social Party, German Social Reform Party, German Reform Party Weimar Republic: German Socialist Party, German National People's Party,Evans, Richard J. (2004). The Coming of the Third Reich. Penguin Books. p. 95. . German Workers' Party, National Socialist German Workers' Party, German Social Party, German Völkisch Freedom Party West Germany: Socialist Reich Party, Deutsche Reichspartei Since 1990: National Democratic Party of Germany

Current parties of the other regions

: Action Française : Principlists : Sanseitō : Hezbollah : Hamas : Rodina : National Front, British National Party : Houthis

Historical parties of the other regions While some non-Nazi fascist parties did not initially prioritize antisemitism, several adopted it as a core ideological element during the mid-to-late 1930s, often coinciding with closer alignment with Nazi Germany.

: Christian Social Party, Greater German People's Party : Rexist Party (since 1937)Wouters, Nico (2018). "Belgium". In Stahel, David (ed.). Joining Hitler's Crusade: European Nations and the Invasion of the Soviet Union, 1941. Cambridge University Press. pp. 260–287. . : Ustaše (since 1936) : Young Egypt Party : Croix-de-Feu, Mouvement Franciste, French National-Collectivist Party, Revolutionary Social Movement, National Popular Rally, Union for the Defense of Tradesmen and Artisans : Arrow Cross Partyde Poncins, Leon (2015). The Secret Powers Behind Revolution: Freemasonry and Judaism. E World Inc. ISBN 978-1617590443. : Nation Party of Iran : National Fascist Party (since 1938), Republican Fascist PartyL' antisemitismo nella Repubblica Sociale Italiana. Repertorio delle fonti conservate all'Archivio centrale dello Stato, Libreria UniversitariaLa Repubblica sociale italiana e la persecuzione degli ebrei : Shakai Taishūtō (since 1938), Great Japan Youth Party, Tōhōkai, : National Socialist Workers' Party : Democratic Peasants' Party, Iron Guard : Union of the Russian People : Juntas Castellanas de Actuación HispánicaRodríguez Jiménez, 2000, pp. 95-102. : British Union of Fascists (since 1936) : National States' Rights Party : Yugoslav National Movement

See also Antisemites' Petition Antisemitism in the British Conservative Party Antisemitism in the British Labour Party Antisemitism in Europe

Notes

References

Further reading Kurt Wawrzinek: Die Entstehung der deutschen Antisemitenparteien (1873–1890). Ebering, Berlin 1927 (= Historische Studien, Vol. 168; Dissertation, University of Breslau, 1926).

External links Antisemitic Parties at the Deutsches Historisches Museum