Kilbuchophyllia is an extinct genus of hexacoral belonging to the monotypic order Kilbuchophyllida and family Kilbuchophyllidae. It is known from the Late Ordovician Kirkcolm Formation of Scotland and the Bardahessiagh Formation of Northern Ireland, and the species K. discoidea and K. clarksoni are known.C. T. Scrutton and E. N. K. Clarkson. (1991). A new Scleractinian-like Coral from the Ordovician of the Southern Uplands, Scotland. Palaeontology 34(1):179-194 Scrutton, C. T. (1993). New Kilbuchophyllid corals from the Ordovician of the Southern Uplands, Scotland. Courier Forschungs-Institut Senckenberg 164, 153-8.
Discovery and naming Ben Peach and John Horne were the first to describe material belonging to Kilbuchophyllia. They discovered material belonging to the genus during their 1899 survey of the Ordovician rocks of Scotland and described the specimens from Kilbucho as "shelly fossils".Peach, B. N. & Horne, J. (1899). The Silurian rocks of Britain,vol. 1. Scotland. Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain. Edinburgh.
Kilbuchophyllia discoidea Twenty specimens (including the holotype RMS 1989.36.1) were found within the poorly-studied greywackes of Wallace's Cast, Kilbucho during the 1980s which were used as the basis of naming Kilbuchophyllia discoidea by Scrutton & Clarkson (1991), and even more material was described by Scrutton in 1993 and 1996. This extended the known range to Wallace's Cast, Glenkip Burn, Snar Water, and Duntercleuch.
In the past, the paratype of K. discoidea was listed as belonging to Palaecyclus by Peach and Horne (1899).
Kilbuchophyllia clarksoni Kilbuchophyllia clarksoni was named by Scrutton (1993) and the holotype of K. clarksoni is GSE9935. A specimen of K. clarksoni was found at Kilbucho in August 1995 and was the first of many occurrences of the species at Kilbucho.
In 1992, excavations at the Bardahessiagh Formation in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland uncovered specimens of K. clarksoni which were described by Scrutton, Jeram & Armstrong (1997).
Description Kilbuchophyllia had radially organised septae with a beaded appearance and six-fold cyclic insertion, and it represents an early Paleozoic anomaly that, using calcite, successfully mineralized a skeletal cup around a soft, anemone-like body. It had weak bilateral symmetry and was a solitary animal as it did not associate with rugose corals.
Classification The organisation of its septae prompted Scrutton & Clarkson (1991) to place Kilbuchophyllia into Zoantharia by creating the order Kilbuchophyllida and the family Kilbuchophyllidae as a branch of Corallimorpharia. It was later moved into Hexacorallia by Scrutton (1997) and is no longer seen as belonging to Scleractinia. Sepkoski (2002) agreed with the placement of Kilbuchophyllia into Zoantharia.J. J., Jr. Sepkoski. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560
The genus has implications for showing signs of morphological convergence with Scleractinia.
Paleogeography and extinction Kilbuchophyllia is known from the Late Ordovician Kirkcolm Formation (Scotland) and the Bardahessiagh Formation (Northern Ireland). They were deposited in environments which allowed for Kilbuchophyllia to grow near volcanic islands.
It is believed that a submarine landslide caused the extinction of the K. discoidea population at Kilbucho.Stone, P, McMillan, A A, Floyd, J D, Barnes, R P, and Phillips, E R. (2012). British regional geology: South of Scotland. Fourth edition. Keyworth, Nottingham: British Geological Survey. The K. clarksoni population at Craigbardahessiagh was extinct before the Late Ordovician mass extinction.Candela, Y. (2002). Constraints on the age of the Bardahessiagh Formation, Pomeroy, Co. Tyrone. Scottish Journal of Geology 38, 65–7.
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