1822–23 United States House of Representatives elections

The 1822–23 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between July 1, 1822, and August 14, 1823. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 18th United States Congress convened on December 1, 1823. They occurred during President James Monroe's second term.

Following the congressional reapportionment based on the 1820 United States census, the House increased by 26 seats to a total of 213. Most relative population growth was in the West. This was the last House election during the virtually nonpartisan Era of Good Feelings and the largest midterm gain of seats by a President's party. The Democratic-Republican Party remained nationally dominant, and the Federalist Party was limited to state and local influence.

This election heralded key change not apparent until the end of the 18th Congress. The four-way 1824 presidential election, in which all candidates ran as Democratic-Republicans, would result in no candidate winning an Electoral College majority. Representatives elected to the 18th Congress are often classified by how they voted in the 1825 contingent election, which after a controversial, unanticipated political deal chose John Quincy Adams President, triggering a new, rancorous, abruptly realigned period of partisanship.

This election marked the second time in American history where the incumbent president's party gained House seats in a midterm election while still losing seats in the Senate, this happened before in 1814 and again in 1902.

Election summaries + ↓ 189 24 Democratic-Republican Federalist Following the 1820 census, 26 new seats were apportioned, with 4 States losing 1 seat each, 9 States gaining between 1 and 8 seats, and the remaining 11 States having no change in apportionment.

State Type ↑ Date Total seats Democratic-Republican Federalist Seats Change AC C J Change AC C J Change Louisiana Districts July 1–3, 1822 3 2 2 0 1 2 0 Illinois At-large August 5, 1822 1 1 0 0 0 Indiana Districts August 5, 1822 3 2 0 0 3 2 0 Kentucky Districts August 5, 1822 12 2 8 0 4 2 0 Mississippi At-large August 5–6, 1822 1 0 0 1 0 New Hampshire At-large August 26, 1822 6 6 0 0 0 Rhode Island At-large August 27, 1822 2 2 0 0 0 Vermont At-large September 3, 1822 5 1 5 0 0 1 0 Delaware At-large October 1, 1822 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 Georgia At-large October 7, 1822 7 1 0 7 0 1 0 Maryland Districts October 7, 1822 9 3 1 2 2 0 1 Missouri At-large October 7, 1822 1 1 0 0 0 Ohio Districts October 8, 1822 14 8 10 2 2 8 0 Pennsylvania Districts October 8, 1822 26 3 0 0 20 5 1 0 5 2 New Jersey At-large October 15, 1822 6 1 0 5 0 Massachusetts Districts November 4, 1822 13 6 0 0 6 0 1 New York Districts November 4–6, 1822 34 7 14 14 2 11 4 0 0 4 South Carolina Districts February 12–13, 1823 9 0 0 9 0 Late elections (after the March 4, 1823, beginning of the term) Virginia Districts April 1823 22 1 1 19 1 0 1 0 1 Connecticut At-large April 7, 1823 6 1 6 0 0 1 0 Maine Districts April 7, 1823 7 6 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 Alabama Districts August 3, 1823 3 2 0 0 3 2 0 Tennessee Districts August 7–8, 1823 9 3 0 0 9 3 0 North Carolina Districts August 14, 1823 13 0 10 2 1 0 0 Total 213 26 72 64 53 34 15 2 7 8

Special elections

There were special elections in 1822 and 1823 to the 17th United States Congress and 18th United States Congress.

Special elections are sorted by date then district.

17th Congress

! | Henry Baldwin | | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | | Incumbent resigned May 8, 1822, because of his declining health and failing finances.New member elected October 1, 1822 and seated December 2, 1822.Democratic-Republican hold.Winner later re-elected in the ; see below. | nowrap |

! | Ezekiel Whitman | | Federalist | 1808 (Mass.)1810 1816 (Mass.)1820 (Maine) | | Incumbent resigned June 1, 1822.New member elected between June and December 1822 and seated December 2, 1822.Democratic-Republican gain.Winner was not a candidate to the next term; see below. | nowrap |

! | William Hendricks | | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | | Incumbent resigned July 25, 1822, to run for Governor of Indiana.New member elected between July and December 1822 and seated December 2, 1822.Democratic-Republican hold.Winner also elected to the next term in the ; see below. | nowrap |

! | Samuel Smith | | Democratic-Republican | 17921816 | | Incumbent re-elected (see below) but resigned December 22, 1822.New member elected January 1, 1823 and seated January 8, 1823.Democratic-Republican hold.Winner also elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap |

18th Congress

! | Samuel Smith | | Democratic-Republican | 17921816 | | Incumbent re-elected (see below) but resigned December 22, 1822.New member elected January 1, 1823 and seated with the rest of the House on December 1, 1823.Democratic-Republican hold.Winner also elected to finish the term; see above. | nowrap |

! | William Eustis | | Democratic-Republican | 18001804 1820 | | Incumbent re-elected (see below) but declined the election.New member elected September 8, 1823.Democratic-Republican hold.Election was challenged and successor was not seated, leading to a new election. | nowrap |

! | William B. Rochester | | AdamsDemocratic-Republican | 1821 | | Incumbent resigned April 21, 1823, to become Judge of the New York's Eighth Circuit Court.New member elected in November 1823 and seated with the rest of the House on December 1, 1823.Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap |

Alabama

Alabama increased from one to three seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States census. The state then changed from a single at-large district to three geographic districts. Alabama elected its members August 3, 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.

Arkansas Territory See Non-voting delegates, below.

Connecticut

Connecticut lost one seat in reapportionment following the 1820 United States census. Connecticut elected its members April 7, 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.

Delaware

Delaware was reduced once more from two back to one seat after the fourth census, which number has remained constant to the present day. At the time of the October 1, 1822, election, the second seat in Delaware's at-large district was vacant, so there was only one incumbent going into the election.

| Caesar A. Rodney | | Democratic-Republican | 18021804 1820 | | Incumbent resigned January 24, 1822, when elected U.S. Senator.Successor was only elected to finish the term (see above) as the seat was eliminated.Democratic-Republican loss.

Florida Territory See Non-voting delegates, below.

Georgia

Georgia gained one seat in reapportionment following the 1820 United States census. Georgia elected its members October 7, 1822.

| colspan=3 | None (new seat) | | New seat.Democratic-Republican gain.

Illinois

Illinois elected its sole at-large member August 5, 1822.

Indiana

Indiana gained two seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States census, and elected its members August 5, 1822.

Indiana's single at-large seat in the 17th Congress was empty at the time of the election, previous incumbent William Hendricks (Democratic-Republican) having resigned to run for Governor of Indiana. Jonathan Jennings (Jackson D-R), elected to the new , was elected in the ensuing special election to fill the at-large district for the remainder of the 17th Congress.

Kentucky

Kentucky gained two seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States census. Kentucky elected its members August 5, 1822.

! | David Trimble | | Democratic-Republican | 1816

1822–23 United States House of Representatives elections

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