The 1844–45 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between July 1, 1844, and November 4, 1845. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives. 224 elected members representing 27 states took their seats when the first session of the 29th United States Congress convened on December 1, 1845. The new U. S. state of Florida elected its first representative during this election cycle, while one vacancy in New Hampshire's delegation remained unfilled for the duration of the 29th Congress.
The House elections spanned the 1844 presidential election, won by dark horse Democratic candidate James K. Polk, who advocated territorial expansion.
Democrats lost six seats but retained a large majority over the rival Whigs. The new Native American Party, based on the nativist "Know Nothing" movement characterized by opposition to immigration and anti-Catholicism, gained six seats.
Election summaries One seat was added for the new State of Florida. Texas and Iowa were admitted during this next Congress, but their initial elections were held in 1846.
+ ↓ 142 6 79 Democratic Whig
State Type Date Totalseats Democratic Know Nothing Whig Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Louisiana District July 1–3, 1844 4 3 1 0 1 1 Illinois District August 5, 1844 7 6 0 1 Missouri At-large August 5, 1844 5 5 0 0 Georgia District August 7, 1844 8 4 4 0 4 4 Vermont District September 3, 1844 4 1 0 3 Maine District September 9, 1844 7 6 1 0 1 1 Arkansas At-large October 8, 1844 1 1 0 0 Ohio District October 8, 1844 21 13 1 0 8 1 Pennsylvania District October 8, 1844 24 12 2 2 10 2 New Jersey District October 9, 1844 5 1 3 0 4 3 South Carolina District October 14–15, 1844 7 7 0 0 Michigan District November 5, 1844 3 3 0 0 Massachusetts District November 11, 1844 10 0 2 0 10 2 New York District November 11, 1844 34 21 3 4 4 9 1 Delaware At-large November 12, 1844 1 0 0 1 Late elections after the March 4, 1845 beginning of term New Hampshire At-large March 11, 1845 4 3 1 0 0 Rhode Island District April 2, 1845 2 0 0 2 2 Connecticut District April 7, 1845 4 0 4 0 4 4 Virginia District April 24, 1845 15 14 2 0 1 2 Florida At-large May 26, 1845 1 1 1 0 0 Alabama District August 4, 1845 7 6 0 1 Indiana District August 4, 1845 10 8 0 2 Kentucky District August 4, 1845 10 3 1 0 7 2 North Carolina District August 7, 1845 9 6 1 0 3 1 Tennessee District August 7, 1845 11 6 0 5 Maryland District October 1, 1845 6 4 4 0 2 4 Mississippi At-large November 3–4, 1845 4 4 0 0 Total 224 142 6 6 6 79 6
Special elections
Alabama
Elections were held August 4, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.
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Arkansas
The election was held October 8, 1844.
! | Edward Cross | | Democratic | 1838 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap |
Connecticut
Elections were held April 7, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.
! | Thomas H. Seymour | | 1843 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Whig gain. | nowrap |
! | John Stewart | | 1843 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Whig gain. | nowrap |
! | George S. Catlin | | 1843 | | Incumbent retired.Whig gain. | nowrap |
! | Samuel Simons | | 1843 | | Incumbent retired.Whig gain. | nowrap |
Delaware
The election was held November 12, 1844.
! | George B. Rodney | | Whig | 1840 | | Incumbent retired.Whig hold. | nowrap |
Florida
The election was held May 26, 1845.
! | colspan=3 | None (New state) | | New seat.New member elected late on May 26, 1845.Democratic gain.Winner did not serve, having also been elected U.S. senator. | nowrap |
Georgia
Elections were held August 7, 1844.
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! | Absalom H. Chappell | | Democratic | 1842 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Whig gain. | nowrap |
! | Hugh A. Haralson | | Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! rowspan=2 | | John H. Lumpkin | | Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent re-elected. | rowspan=2 nowrap |
| William H. Stiles | | Democratic | 1842 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic loss.
! | Howell Cobb | | Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Alexander H. Stephens | | Whig | 1843 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Edward J. Black | | Democratic | 18381840 1841 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Whig gain. | nowrap |
Illinois
Elections were held August 5, 1844.
! | Robert Smith | | Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |- !
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Indiana
Elections were held August 4, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.
! | Robert D. Owen | | Democratic | 1843 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |- ! | Thomas J. Henley | | Democratic | 1843 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |- ! | Thomas Smith | | Democratic | 1843 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |- ! | Caleb B. Smith | | Whig | 1843 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |- ! | William J. Brown | | Democratic | 1843 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap | |- ! | John W. Davis | | Democratic | 1843 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |- ! | Joseph A. Wright | | Democratic | 1843 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Whig gain. | nowrap | |- ! | John Pettit | | Democratic | 1843 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |- ! | Samuel C. Sample | | Whig | 1843 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. | nowrap | |- ! | Andrew Kennedy | | Whig | 1843 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
Iowa Territory See Non-voting delegates, below.
Kentucky
Elections were held August 4, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.
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Louisiana
Elections were held July 1–3, 1844.
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Maine
Elections were held September 9, 1844.
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Maryland
Late elections to the 28th Congress
Maryland elected its members to the 28th Congress on February 14, 1844, after that Congress had already convened in 1843 and long after the 1842–1843 election cycle.
! | Isaac D. Jones | | Whig | 1841 | | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.Whig hold. | nowrap |
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Regular elections to the 29th Congress
Maryland's October 1, 1845 elections were after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the new term, but still before the Congress convened in December 1845.
! | John Causin | | Whig | 1844 | | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.Whig hold. | nowrap |
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Massachusetts
Elections were held November 11, 1844. At least one district, however, had multiple ballots stretching into 1846.
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! | William Parmenter | | Democratic | 1836 | | Incumbent lost re-election.New member elected on the second ballot.Whig gain. | nowrap | Second ballot
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! | Julius Rockwell | | Whig | 1844 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | John Quincy Adams | | Whig | 1830 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Henry Williams | | Democratic | 1836 | | Incumbent lost re-election.New member elected on the ninth ballot.Whig gain. | nowrap |
Ninth ballot
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Michigan
Elections were held November 5, 1844.
! | Robert McClelland | | 1843 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Lucius Lyon | | 1843 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap |
! | James B. Hunt | | 1843 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
Mississippi
Elections were held November 3–4, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.
! rowspan=4 | (4 seats) | Jacob Thompson | | Democratic | 1839 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap rowspan=4 | |- | William H. Hammett | | Democratic | 1843 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. |- | Robert W. Roberts | | Democratic | 1843 | Incumbent re-elected. |- | Tilghman Tucker | | Democratic | 1843 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold.
Missouri
Elections were held at-large on a general ticket August 5, 1844.
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New Hampshire
Elections were held at-large on a general ticket March 11, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.
! rowspan=4 | | Edmund Burke | | Democratic | 1839 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | rowspan=4 nowrap | First ballot
Fourth ballot
| John R. Reding | | Democratic | 1841 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold.
| Moses Norris Jr. | | Democratic | 1843 | Incumbent re-elected.
| John P. Hale | | Democratic | 1843 | | No candidate elected on the fourth ballot; seat vacant.Democratic loss.
New Jersey
Elections were held October 9, 1844.
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New York
Elections were held November 11, 1844.
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North Carolina
Elections were held August 7, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.
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Ohio
Elections were held October 8, 1844.
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Pennsylvania
Elections were held October 8, 1844.
! | Edward Joy Morris | | Whig | 1842 | | Incumbent lost re-election.American Party gain. | nowrap |
! | Joseph R. Ingersoll | | Whig | 1841 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | John T. Smith | | Democratic | 1842 | | Incumbent lost re-election.American Party gain. | nowrap |
! | Charles J. Ingersoll | | Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
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Rhode Island
Elections were held April 2, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.
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South Carolina
Elections were held October 14–15, 1844.
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Tennessee
Elections were held August 7, 1845.
! | Andrew Johnson | | Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | William T. Senter | | Whig | 1842 | |Incumbent retired.Whig hold. | nowrap |
! | Julius W. Blackwell | | Democratic | 1842 | |Incumbent lost re-election.Whig gain. | nowrap |
! | Alvan Cullom | | Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | George W. Jones | | Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Aaron V. Brown | | Democratic | 1839 | |Incumbent retired to run for Governor.Democratic hold. | nowrap |
! | David W. Dickinson | | Whig | 1842 | |Incumbent retired.Whig hold. | nowrap |
! | Joseph H. Peyton | | Whig | 1842 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Cave Johnson | | Democratic | 1839 | |Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap |
! | John B. Ashe | | Whig | 1842 | |Incumbent retired.Democratic gain. | nowrap |
! | Milton Brown | | Whig | 1841 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
Vermont
Elections were held September 3, 1844.
! | Solomon Foot | | Whig | 1843 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Jacob Collamer | | Whig | 1843 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | George P. Marsh | | Whig | 1843 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Paul Dillingham | | 1843 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
Third ballot
Virginia
Elections were held April 24, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.
! | Archibald Atkinson | | 1843 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | George Dromgoole | | 1843 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Walter Coles | | 1835 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap |
! | Edmund W. Hubard | | 1841 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | William L. Goggin | | Whig | 18391843 (lost)1844 (special) | | Incumbent retired.Democratic gain. | nowrap |
! | John Winston Jones | | 1835