There are a number of horse-drawn vehicles peculiar to Russia. In regions with harsh winters, carriage bodies were sometimes built to be interchangeable—able to set upon sled runners in snow or fitted to wheeled undercarriages for the warmer seasons. Oxen, dogs and reindeer may also be used by indigenous peoples of Russia.
Horse-drawn carriages
Dolgusha, dolgushka (), an obsolete generic term for a carriage whose body was mounted on a long base (from the word dolgiy, 'long').ДОЛГУ́ША, In: Словарь русского языка: В 4-х т. / РАН, Ин-т лингвистич. исследований; Под ред. А. П. Евгеньевой. — 4-е изд., стер. — М.: Рус. яз.; Полиграфресурсы, 1999, vol. 1 "А—Й" Транспортные средства [Means of transportation], In: Российский гуманитарный энциклопедический словарь. — М.: Гуманит. изд. центр ВЛАДОС: Филол. фак. С.-Петерб. гос. ун-та. 2002 It could be applied to long drogi,Materīaly dli͡a geografīi i statistiki Rossīi, sobrannye ofit͡serami Generalʹnago shtaba: Simbirskai͡a gubernīi͡a, part 2, 1868p. 717 lineyka, or tarantass, as well as to a long cargo cart, e.g., for lumber.Словарь русских говоров севера Пермского края, issue 2. Г–Д, p. 225 Drogi (), a primitive long cart without a body; basically only front and back axles connected by one or two beams called drogaДРОГИ, In: Ushakov Dictionary Droshky — a four-wheeled open carriage where passengers straddle the seat Ekipazh (; from ), a generic term for various kinds of private horse-drawn vehicles. Fura (wikt:фура), large cargo cart, esp. for military use. In modern Russian it colloquially refers to semi-trailer truck. Furmanka, small fura or small britzka, from German Fuhrmann, "carter" Kibitka, carriage with a cloth cover stretched over wooden bows. It may be installed on wheels or sleigh runners. — a 16th–17th century precursor of the coach , old horse-drawn topless passenger carriage with a longitudinal partition, in which passengers sit in two lines with their backs to each other, sideways to the direction of travel.Линейки Prolyotka or proletka, , a light, open, four-wheeled, two-passenger (plus a cabbie) carriage, mostly single-horse.ПРОЛЁТКА, In: Ushakov Dictionary The term derives from the word "пролетать", literally 'to fly through', meaning to move swiftly.ПРОЛЁТКА The word is a colloquial contraction for "prolyotnye droshky" (), a drozhky used by Russian city cabbies, named so, because many cabbies were notorious for fast, daring ride and were called "лихач" (likhach), "daredevil".Пролетка Rydvan (рыдван; archaic), a large, comfortable coach for long-distance travel, drawn by several horses. In modern times the word is used ironically for large, clumsy vehicles. From Polish "rydwan", eventually from German "Reitwagen", both meaning for 'chariot'.рыдва́н , Ural fishermen's carriage; basically a regular carriage with waterproof bast cabin Tarantass — a long four-wheeled carriage with no springs or seats "Тарантас" In: Иллюстрированный энциклопедический историко-бытовой словарь русского народа. XVIII — начало XIX в. Moscow, Eksmo, 2007, , p. 674 Telega — a wagon
Horse-drawn sleds
, a peasant cargo sled of extremely simple constructionСани-дровни и сани-розвальни. Общие технические условия Kaptan, winter carriage in medieval Russia for aristocracy and noblemen Kibitka may be mounted both on sleds and on wheels. , a simple, wide sledge with side poles that flare outward. The name comes from the Russian root razval‑ ("to spread out, sprawl"), referring both to the outward‑spreading poles and the roomy, open design of the sledge. Troika — sleigh driven by three horses abreast Vozok — an enclosed winter sleigh; a large carriage body mounted on runners.
Carriages of indigenous peoples of Russian Empire and modern Russia
Arba, in Central Asia, Caucasus, Ukraine, Southern Russia; drawn by horses or oxen Britzka; originating in Poland, it was common in Russian Empire Tachanka, Ukraine, Southern Russia
Drawn by other animals
:ru:Нарты; most commonly it is translated as dog sled; but narty may also be pulled by reindeer (Russian North, Siberia and Far East) :ru:Керёжа, :fi:Ahkio, traditional Finnish reindeer-pulled narrow sled (Kola Peninsula)
See also Horses in Russia
Notes
References
Further reading
(in public domain, available online)