The endemic species of Montenegro listed below include animals, vascular plants, and fungi, with their known distributions given by locality or municipality.
Montenegro is the main hotspot for troglobitic fauna in the Western Balkans. Its fauna includes more than 280 endemic species, of which more than 75 are troglobiotic and at least 30 are Leptodirini beetles.
List + Number of endemic species by municipality in Montenegro Municipality Area (km²) Number of species present Endemic Species Index(species/100 km²) Cetinje 899 57 6.34 Podgorica 1,594 50 3.14 Bar 598 41 6.86 Žabljak 445 39 8.76 Kolašin 897 38 4.24 Herceg Novi 235 37 15.74 Kotor 335 32 9.55 Plužine 854 25 2.93 Nikšić 2,065 19 0.92 Pljevlja 1,346 18 1.34 Šavnik 553 16 2.89 Mojkovac 367 15 4.09 Gusinje 157 14 8.92 Andrijevica 283 12 4.24 Danilovgrad 501 11 2.19 Ulcinj 255 10 3.92 Tuzi 236 9 3.81 Budva 122 8 6.56 Plav 328 6 1.83 Berane 544 6 1.10 Tivat 46 3 6.52 Rožaje 432 3 0.69 Bijelo Polje 924 3 0.32 Petnjica 173 0 0.00
Fauna Montenegro is one of two and the main hotspot for troglobitic fauna in Western Balkans (though fragments of this hotspot reach into the easternmost tips of Croatia and Bosnia & Herzegovina). The other is in Slovenia, but the intensity there is far lower.It hosts over 280 endemic species, with more than 75 of them troglobiotic. At least 30 of these belong to Leptodirini beetles.
Phylum Annelida (segmented worms)
Name Distribution Class Clitellata (citellates) Order Arhynchobdellida (proboscisless leeches) Family Erpobdellidae Dina crnogorensis Grosser & Pešić, 2022 Known only from its type locality : An unnamed spring near the Trešnjevik Mountain Pass in the Komovi Mountains (Andrijevica Municipality) Dina nesemanni Grosser, Rewicz, Jovanović & Zawal, 2023 Known from two ponds : Blatina Pond near the village of Ćurilac (Danilovgrad Municipality) and an unnamed pond near the village of Bobovište (Bar Municipality) Order Opisthopora Family Lumbricidae (lumbricid earthworms) Allolobophora ruzsai Zicsi, 1999 Known only from its type locality : An unnamed spring on the Sinjajevina Mountain (Šavnik and Mojkovac municipalities) Dendrobaena bokakotorensis Šapkarev, 1975 Known localities include : Meadows near the village of Perast (Kotor Municipality) and Čakorna Jama Pit near the Čakor Mountain Pass (?) (Plav Municipality) Dendrobaena durmitorensis Mršić, 1988 Known only from its type locality : Close to the Barno Lake near the town of Žabljak (Žabljak Municipality) Dendrobaena montenegrina Mršić, 1988 Known only from its type locality : Close to the Black Lake near the town of Žabljak (Žabljak Municipality) Dendrobaena zicsii Mršić, 1990 Known only from its type locality : Near the Čakor Mountain Pass (Plav Municipality)
Phylum Arthropoda (arthropods)
Subphylum Chelicerata (chelicerates)
Name Distribution Class Arachnida (arachnids) Order Araneae (spiders) Family Agelenidae (funnel weavers) Histopona krivosijana Histopona petrovi Tegenaria bayeri Tegenaria gordani Family Dysderidae (woodlouse hunters) Folkia mrazeki Rhode magnifica Stalagtia monospina Stalagtia skadarensis Family Hahniidae (dwarf sheet spiders) Cryphoecina deelemanae Family Leptonetidae (cave spiders) Barusia hofferi Sulcia armata Sulcia mirabilis Sulcia montenegrina Family Linyphiidae (sheet weavers) Centromerus obenbergeri Sintula roeweri Troglohyphantes boudewijni Family Nesticidae (cave cobweb spiders) Typhlonesticus absoloni Order Opiliones (harvestmen) Family Nemastomatidae (nemastomatid harvestmen) Nemaspela borkoae Family Sironidae (sironid harvestmen) Cyphophthalmus gordani Cyphophthalmus martensi Cyphophthalmus montenegrinus Cyphophthalmus rumijae Cyphophthalmus zetae Order Pseudoscorpiones (pseudoscorpions) Family Chthoniidae (chthoniid pseudoscorpions) Chthonius globocicae Chthonius longimanus Chthonius medeonis Chthonius porevidi Chthonius prove Chthonius rhizon Family Neobisiidae (neobisiid pseudoscorpions) Neobisium bozidarcurcici Neobisium davidbengurioni Neobisium marcchagalli Neobisium ninae Roncus belbogi Roncus davor Roncus golemanskyi Roncus hajnehaj Roncus hors Roncus negreae Roncus orao Roncus orjensis Roncus teutae Roncus yaginumai Order Scorpiones (scorpions) Family Euscorpiidae (shorttail scorpions) Euscorpius studentium Order Trombidiformes (trombidiform mites) Family Athienemanniidae Stygohydracarus karanovici Family Aturidae Parabrachypoda mutila Family Chyzeriidae Parawenhoekia seadi Family Erythraeidae Abrolophus balkanicus Abrolophus montenegrinus Hauptmannia striata Family Eriophyidae (gall mites) Aculus blagayanae Leipothrix menthae Family Hydryphantidae Protzia durmitoris Trichothyas jadrankae Family Hygrobatidae Atractides longisetus Hygrobates lacrima Family Microtrombidiidae Porttrombidium milicae Family Myobiidae Radfordia dinaromys Family Phytoptidae Phytoptus alchemillae Family Torrenticolidae Torrenticola graecula Family Trombidiidae (true velvet mites) Allothrombium clavatum
Subphylum Crustacea (crustaceans)
Name Distribution Class Copepoda (copepods) Order Harpacticoida (harpacticoid copepods) Family Leptopontiidae Neoleptastacus huysi Karanovic, 2000 Known only from its type locality: Sandy beach on the Ada Bojana Island near the town of Ulcinj (Ulcinj Municipality) Class Malacostraca (malacostracans) Order Amphipoda (amphipods) Family Niphargidae Niphargus podgoricensis S. Karaman, 1934 Known only from its type locality : Ribnica River in the city of Podgorica (Podgorica Municipality) Order Isopoda (isopods) Family Porcellionidae (porcellionid woodlice) Porcellio krivosijensis Strouhal, 1939 Strouhal (1939) listed its type locality as Western Montenegro. Current records are limited to the municipalities of Cetinje and Kotor, with the only precisely known locality being near the village of Čisto Polje (Cetinje Municipality) Family Trichoniscidae Cetinjella monasterii Karaman & Horvatović, 2018 Known only from its type locality : Cetinje Cave near the Cetinje Monastery in the town of Cetinje (Cetinje Municipality) Order Mysida (opossum shrimps) Family Mysidae Diamysis lacustris Băcescu, 1940 Known from several localities in Lake Skadar : Lake waters near the village of Raduš (Bar Municipality), Vranjina Island and mouth of the Morača River (Podgorica Municipality) Class Ostracoda (ostracods) Order Podocopida Family Candonidae Candonopsis mareza Karanović & Petkovski, 1999 Known only from its type locality: Mareza Spring near the city of Podgorica (Podgorica Municipality) Trajancandona natura Karanović, 1999 Known only from its type locality : Cetinje Cave near the Cetinje Monastery in the town of Cetinje (Cetinje Municipality) Trajancandona particula Karanović, 1999 Known only from its type locality : Ground waters in the Šutinska Jama Sinkhole near the village of Beri (Podgorica Municipality) Typhlocypris regisnikolai (Karanović & Petkovski, 1999) Known only from its type locality: Small tributary of the Rijeka Crnojevića river near the village of Rijeka Crnojevića (?) (Cetinje Municipality) Typhlocypris skadari Karanovic, 2005 Known only from its type locality : Unnamed well near the village of Golubovci (Podgorica Municipality)
Subphylum Hexapoda (hexapods)