This is a list of countries with which the People's Republic of China has established diplomatic partnerships. Partnership refers to an international cooperative relationship in which countries (regions, organizations) cooperate in the political, economic, scientific, cultural and other fields because of trust. As of the end of May 2024, China maintains diplomatic relations with 185 countries, of which 180 it has signed cooperation or partnership agreements with; if international organizations are included, the number rises to 190. The diplomatic levels of China can be roughly divided into five types: general partnership, comprehensive or all-round partnership, general strategic partnership, comprehensive, global or all-round strategic partnership, and all-weather or permanent strategic partnership. A community of shared destiny relationship has also emerged in recent years.
Framework China establishes bilateral partnerships with other countries that range from broad strategic partnerships to those with more discrete areas of cooperation. The diplomatic levels of China can be roughly divided into five types: general partnership, "comprehensive" or "all-round" partnership, general strategic partnership, "comprehensive", "global" or "all-round" strategic partnership, and "all-weather" or "permanent" strategic partnership. "Comprehensive strategic partnerships" are the broadest, with "strategic partnerships" and "comprehensive cooperative partnerships" used to describe relations with less broad cooperation. Partnership refers to an international cooperative relationship in which countries (regions, organizations) cooperate in the political, economic, scientific, cultural and other fields because of trust. China generally avoids signing formal alliances and bilateral treaties. It describes this position as "relationship based on partnership rather than alliance" (jieban bujiemeng).
As of the end of May 2024, China has diplomatic relations with 185 countries, of which 180 it has signed cooperation or partnership agreements; if international organizations is added, the number reaches 190.
Community of shared future
"Community of shared future” refers to countries or international organizations that have established a high-level strategic partnership with China and have carried out broader and deeper cooperation, while expressing their recognition of China's values of promoting "building a community of shared future for mankind”, participating in China's Belt and Road initiative and supporting China's global initiatives, and are willing to support and cooperate in China's vision of global governance.
Bilateral community of shared future NameChinese nameCountriesAll-weather community of shared future in the new eraCambodiaHigh-quality, high-level and high-standard community of shared future in the new eraLaosCloser community of shared future in the new eraPakistanCommunity with a shared future for mankind in the new eraEgypt, Kenya, Serbia, Solomon IslandsHigh-level community of shared futureNigeria, Republic of the Congo, Senegal, South Africa, ZimbabweCommunity of shared futureCuba, Malaysia, Myanmar, Turkmenistan, UzbekistanCommunity with a shared future of everlasting friendship, high mutual trust and shared futureKazakhstanCommunity of shared future with everlasting friendship, shared weal and woe, mutual benefit and win-winTajikistanCommunity of shared destiny with good neighborliness, friendship and shared prosperityKyrgyzstanCommunity of shared future for mankind: peaceful coexistence, mutual assistance and win-win cooperationMongoliaCommunity with a shared future for a more just world and a more sustainable planetBrazilMore stable, more prosperous and more sustainable community with a shared futureThailandStrategically significant community of shared destinyVietnamCommunity with a shared future with regional and global influenceIndonesia
Multilateral community with a shared future NameChinese nameOrganization/regionAll-weather community of shared future in the new eraAfrican UnionCommunity of shared future in the new eraArab LeagueCloser community of shared futureASEAN, Central Asia, Pacific island nationsCommunity of shared destinyCommunity of Latin American and Caribbean States
Partners Strategic partnership requires that the cooperation between the two sides is based on national security interests and has consistency in terms of overall, global and core interests. Comprehensive strategic partnership means that the two sides have a wider range of cooperation areas. It is a higher level of strategic relationship and covers a more comprehensive range. There is no specific explanation for the modifiers such as "new era", "all-weather" and "all-round". In short, they all represent that the bilateral cooperation is closer than the general comprehensive strategic partnership, and the areas of bilateral cooperation are deeper and broader.
Comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination NameChinese nameCountriesComprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for a new eraRussia
All-weather strategic partnership NameChinese nameCountriesAll-weather comprehensive strategic partnership for a new eraHungary, UzbekistanAll-weather comprehensive strategic partnershipBelarusAll-weather strategic cooperative partnershipPakistanAll-weather strategic partnershipEthiopia, VenezuelaPermanent comprehensive strategic partnershipKazakhstan
Comprehensive strategic partnership NameChinese nameCountriesComprehensive strategic partnership in the new eraSouth AfricaComprehensive strategic partnership in the new eraTajikistanComprehensive strategic partnership of mutual respect and common development in the new eraSolomon IslandsComprehensive strategic partnership in the new EraKyrgyzstanComprehensive strategic cooperative partnershipAngola, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Maldives, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Republic of the Congo, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Thailand, Vietnam, Zambia, ZimbabweAll-round strategic partnershipGermanyLong-term, consistent comprehensive strategic partnershipUnited KingdomComprehensive strategic partnership of mutual respect and common developmentCook Islands, Fiji, Micronesia, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga, VanuatuComprehensive strategic partnershipAlgeria, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Brazil, Chile, Denmark, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, France, Georgia, Greece, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Laos. Malaysia, Mexico, Mongolia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Spain, Timor-Leste, Togo, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay
Strategic partnership NameChinese nameCountriesStrategic partnership for development and prosperityNepalStrategic partnership of sincere mutual assistance and everlasting friendshipSri LankaStrategic cooperative partnershipAfghanistan, Bangladesh, Brunei, South Korea, SurinameMutually beneficial strategic partnershipIrelandStrategic partnership for innovationSwitzerlandStrategic partnershipArmenia, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic ,Chad, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Eritrea, Guinea-Bissau, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kuwait, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Nicaragua, Niger, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, Slovakia, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UkraineNew strategic partnershipCanadaCloser development partnershipIndiaStrategic partnershipTurkeyFriendly strategic partnershipAustria
Partnership +NameChinese nameCountriesAll-round friendly and cooperative partnershipBelgiumComprehensive, friendly and cooperative partnershipRomaniaOpen and pragmatic comprehensive cooperative partnershipNetherlandsComprehensive partnershipCroatia, Trinidad and Tobago, UgandaNew-type cooperative partnershipFinlandComprehensive strategic partnershipPhilippinesInnovative comprehensive partnershipIsraelAll round high quality future oriented partnershipSingapore
Special partnership +NameChinese nameCountriesSpecial friendship in the new eraCuba
Non-partner NameChinese nameCountriesFriendly cooperative relationsAndorra, Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas Barbados, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burundi, Cameroon, Dominica, Estonia, Guyana, Iceland, Ivory Coast, Latvia, Lebanon, Libya, North Macedonia, Norway, San Marino, Slovenia, Sweden, YemenTraditional friendly relationsAlbaniaFriendly relationsCape Verde, Ghana, MaltaConstructive Strategic and Stable RelationshipUnited StatesMutually beneficial relationship based on common strategic interestsJapanRegular diplomatic relationsDominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Honduras, Kiribati, Lithuania, Montenegro, Panama
Other NameChinese nameCountriesNoteTraditional friendly and cooperative relationsNorth KoreaDue to the Treaty on Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance between China and North Korea, which is currently the only defense treaty China has with any nation, North Korea is outside China's diplomatic partnership system.
Multilateral partnerships NameChinese nameOrganizationComprehensive strategic partnershipAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations, European Union, Pacific Islands ForumNew strategic partnershipAfrican UnionStrategic partnershipArab League, Gulf Cooperation CouncilComprehensive partnershipCommunity of Latin American and Caribbean States
Notes
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