List of executed people for religious offenses

Lists of executed people for religious offenses, including heresy, apostasy, impiety, desecration and blasphemy. This list includes people executed legally and semi-legally but not people murdered extrajudicially.

List Afghanistan Name Date Crime MethodSahibzada Abdul LatifApostasyStoning Austria Name Date Crime MethodFranz WunderlichKathy Stuart: Suicide by Proxy in Early Modern Germany, 20231688DesecrationBeheadingMaria Anna Rossenberger (19)1697DesecrationBeheadingAnna Rosina1702DesecrationBeheadingMaria Francisca Rosenburgerin (19)DesecrationBeheadingMaria Catherina N. (24)DesecrationBeheadingElisabeth Stainin (23)DesecrationBeheadingHans Georg Fritsch (47)BlasphemyBeheadingElizabeth N. (31)DesecrationBeheadingMaria Anna Kaufeuthner (28)1710DesecrationBeheadingJohann Posch (19)DesecrationBeheadingAnna Catherina Köpferin (18)DesecrationBeheadingClara Dorothea Jancovitschin (23)DesecrationBeheadingMaria Susanna Grallin (19)DesecrationBeheadingMaria Magdalena Zechirlin (20)Maria Elisabeth N. (20)DesecrationBeheadingBenigna Rosina Weninger (17)DesecrationBeheadingMaria Magdalena N. (18)DesecrationBeheadingStefan Maurer (16)DesecrationBeheadingUnnamed girl (15)DesecrationBeheadingMagdalena N. (19)DesecrationBeheadingUnnamed woman (26)DesecrationBeheadingUnnamed woman (20)DesecrationBeheadingUnnamed woman (19)DesecrationBeheadingAndreas Mühlbacher (17)DesecrationBeheadingMaria Anna Wälnerin (22)DesecrationBeheadingAdam Hirschbeck (15)DesecrationBeheadingAndreas Frisch (16)BlasphemyBeheadingAnna Margaretha N. (26)DesecrationBeheadingAnna Maria NitzlinDesecrationBeheadingUnnamed womanDesecrationBeheading Balthasar Hubmaier (1485–1528), Vienna, Austria George Blaurock (1491–1529), Klausen, Tyrol Jakob Hutter († 1536), Innsbruck, Tyrol

Belgium William Tyndale (1490–1536), Belgium

Czech Republic Name Date Crime MethodJan OlivetskyBlasphemyBeheading1547: Jan Olivetsky, Moravian publisher

France

Name Date Crime MethodFrançois-Jean de la BarreImpiety and desecrationBeheading Orléans heresy (1022) (burnt) Marguerite Porete († 1310), Paris, France Jacques de Molay (1243–1314), burned after conviction by a tribunal under the control of King Philip IV of France, Paris, France Geoffroi de Charney († 1314), burned with Jacques de Molay above, Paris, France. Guilhèm Belibasta († 1321), last Cathar, Villerouge-Termenès, France Na Prous Boneta († 1328) Joan of Arc (1412–1431), Trial of Joan of Arc, Rouen, France Jean Vallière († 1523), Paris, France Étienne Dolet (1509–1546), Paris, France Lucilio Vanini (Giulio Cesare Vanini) (1585–1619), Toulouse, France

Germany

Jan Hus (1371–1415), Constance, Germany Jerome of Prague (1365–1416) Michael Sattler († 1527), Rottenburg am Neckar, Germany Aefgen Listincx († 1538), Münster, Germany

Iran Name Date Crime Method Hossein Soodmand Apostasy Hanging Bahman SamandariOne Person’s Story Bahman Samandari Apostasy Unknown Ruhollah RohaniOne Person’s Story Ruhollah Rohani Apostasy Unknown Seyed Ali GharabatApostasy in The Islam Republic of Iran Apostasy Hanging Mohsen Amiraslani Blasphemy Hanging Yousef Mehrdad Blasphemy Hanging Sadrollah Fazeli Zare

Italy Name Date Crime Method Antonio Rinaldeschi 1501 Desecration Solomon Molcho Apostasy Burning at stake Francesco Calcagno Blasphemy and homosexuality Giordano Bruno Heresy Burning at stake Gerard Segarelli († 1300) Fra Dolcino († 1307) (never tried by Catholic Church), Italy Cecco d'Ascoli († 1327), Florence, Italy Girolamo Savonarola, Domenico da Pascia, and Silvestro Maruffi († 1498), Florence, Italy (hanged and then burned) Pomponio Algerio († 1556) Boiled in oil, Rome Pietro Carnesecchi († 1567) Florence, Italy Menocchio (1532–1599), Italy Fulgenzio Manfredi (1560 ca. - 1610) Rome, Italy Gertrude Cordovana († 1724), Palermo, ItalyFiume, Giovanna; Il santo moro: i processi di canonizzazione di Benedetto da Palermo (1594-1807), 2000.

Netherlands Name Date Crime MethodAnna UtenhovenHeresyBurned at stake Jan de Bakker († 1525), 1st martyr in the Northern Netherland Wendelmoet Claesdochter († 1527), 1st Dutch woman charged and burned for the accusation of heresy Anneke Esaiasdochter († 1539), The Netherlands Maria van Beckum († 1544) Ursula van Beckum († 1544) Weyn Ockers († 1568), Netherlands Dirk Willems († 1569), Netherlands Anneke Ogiers († 1570), Netherlands Ottoman Empire Name Date Crime Method Notes Unknown Armenian 1843 Apostasy Beheading Accepted Islam, but later returned to Christianity.Apostasy in islam Unknown man 1852 Apostasy Beheading Converted from Islam to Christianity, executed in Aleppo.Assessing the Legacy of the Ottoman Reform of 1856: Possibilities, Impossibilities, and Situational Changes in Religious Freedom Unknown man 1853 Apostasy Beheading Converted from Islam to Christianity, executed in Adrianople. Batto Sfez Affair 1857 Blasphemy Beheading Poland

Name Date Crime Method Mikołaj Grunberg Heresy Burning at stake Adam from RadziejówKOŚCIOŁY I DUCHOWIEŃSTWO ŚREDNIOWIECZNEGO RADZIEJOWA Heresy Burning at stake Katarzyna Weiglowa Apostasy Burning at stake Iwan Tyszkiewicz 1611 Blasphemy Burning at stake Franco de Franco Blasphemy Quartering Kazimierz Łyszczyński Atheism Burning at stake

Portugal Name Date Crime Method Ana Rodrigues (settler) 1593 Judaism Burning at stake Isaac de Castro Tartas Judaism Burning at stake Gabriel Malagrida Heresy Strangulation António José da Silva Judaism Strangulation Kimpa Vita (1684–1706), Angola

Spain Muslim Spain

Name Date Crime Method Perfectus Blasphemy Beheading Sisenandus of Beja Blasphemy Beheading Christian Spain Name Date Crime MethodMiguel de Almazán Judaism Burning at stakeHernando Alonso Judaism Burning at stakeMaría de Bohórquez 1559 Heresy Burning at stake Francisca Nuñez de Carabajal Apostasy Burning at stake Luis de Carvajal the Younger Judaism Garrote Tomás Treviño de Sobremonte Judaism Burning at stake Maria Barbara Carillo Judaism Burning at stake Cayetano Ripoll Heresy Hanging Francisco de San Roman († 1540), Spain Augustino de Cazalla († 1559), Valladolid, Spain Carlos de Seso († 1559), Valladolid, Spain Leonor de Cisneros († 1568), Valladolid, Spain Caterina Tarongí († 1691) Ana de Castro († 1736), Peru, Spain María de los Dolores López († 1781), Seville, Spain

Somalia Name Date Crime Method Abdirahman Ahmed Apostasy Mohamud Mursal Muse 2015 Blasphemy Hassan Tohow Fidow 2021 Blasphemy Firing squadAl-Shabaab executes old Man for alleged Blasphemy, 5 August 2021

Sweden Name Date Crime MethodBotulf BotulfssonHeresyBurned at stakeRagvald OdenskarlPaganismBurned at stakeEric Clauesson1492PaganismBurned at stake82 peopleHeresyBeheadedLars Nilsson1693PaganismBurned at stake

Switzerland Michael Servetus (1511–1553), Geneva, Switzerland Nicolas Antoine (1602–1632), Geneva, Switzerland

United Kingdom Catholic Britain

Name Date Jurisdiction Modern country Crime Method Adam Duff O'Toole Heresy Burning at stake Hellen Stirk Kingdom of Scotland Impiety Drowning William Sawtre († 1401), Smithfield, London, England John Badby († 1410), Smithfield, London, England William Taylor († 1423), Smithfield, London, England Pavel Kravař († 1433) Joan Boughton († 1494), Smithfield, London, England Agnes Grebill († 1511), Kent, England Ipswich Martyrs († 1515–1558) Patrick Hamilton († 1528), St Andrews, Scotland Richard Bayfield († 1531), Smithfield, England Thomas Benet († 1531), Exeter, England Thomas Bilney († 1531), Norwich, England Joan Bocher († 1531), Smithfield, England Thomas Harding († 1532), Chesham, England James Bainham († 1532), Smithfield, England John Frith (1503–1533), Smithfield, England John Forest († 1538), Smithfield, England Henry Filmer († 1543), Windsor, England Robert Testwood († 1543), Windsor, England Anthony Pearson († 1543), Windsor, England Maria van Beckum († 1544) Ursula van Beckum († 1544) Colchester Martyrs († 1545 to 1558), 26 people, Colchester, England George Wishart (1513–1546), St Andrews, Scotland John Hooper († 1555), Gloucester, England John Rogers († 1555), London, England Canterbury Martyrs († 1555–1558), c.40 people, Canterbury, England Laurence Saunders, (1519–1555), Coventry, England Rowland Taylor († 1555), Hadleigh, Suffolk, England Cornelius Bongey, († 1555), Coventry, England Dirick Carver, († 1555), Lewes, England Robert Ferrar († 1555), Carmarthen, Wales William Flower († 1555), Westminster, England Patrick Pakingham († 1555), Uxbridge, England Hugh Latimer (1485–1555), Oxford, England Robert Samuel († 1555), Ipswich, England

Nicholas Ridley (1500–1555), Oxford, England John Bradford († 1555), London, England John Cardmaker († 1555), Smithfield, London, England Robert Glover († 1555), Hertford, England Thomas Hawkes († 1555), Coggeshall, England Thomas Tomkins († 1555), Smithfield, London, England Thomas Cranmer (1489–1556), Oxford, England Stratford Martyrs († 1556), 11 men and 2 women, Stratford, London, England Guernsey Martyrs († 1556), 3 women, Guernsey, Channel Islands Joan Waste († 1556), Derby, England Bartlet Green († 1556), Smithfield, London, England John Hullier († 1556), Cambridge, England John Forman († 1556), East Grinstead, England Alexander Gooch and Alice Driver († 1558), Ipswich, England

Protestant Britain Name Date Jurisdiction Modern country Crime Method Thomas Aikenhead Blasphemy Burning at stake

Robert Barnes († 1540), Smithfield, England Thomas Gerrard († 1540), Smithfield, England Anne Askew (1521–1546), Smithfield, England John Lascelles († 1546), Smithfield, England John Adams († 1546), Smithfield, England Joan Bocher († 1550), Smithfield, England George van Parris († 1551), Smithfield, England Stephen Cotton († 1558), Brentford, England Matthew Hamont († 1579), Norwich, England Francis Kett († 1589), Norwich, England Bartholomew Legate (1575–1612), Smithfield, England Edward Wightman (1566–1612), relapsed heretic, Lichfield, England

Eastern Orthodox countries

Basil the Physician († 1118), by Emperor Alexius I Comnenus; heresy Avvakum Petrovich (1620–1682), by Tsar Feodor III of Russia; combating the Starovery movement Quirinus Kuhlmann († 1689), by Tsar Ivan V of Russia; considered politically dangerous

Other countries

Name Date Jurisdiction Modern country Crime Method Socrates Classical Athens Impiety Poison al-Hallaj Abbasid Caliphate Heresy Beheading Thomas of Tolentino Delhi Sultanate Blasphemy BeheadingMarina of Omura11 November 1634JapanSheltering priestsBurning at stake Mahmoud Mohammed Taha Apostasy and blasphemy Beheading Sadeq Mallallah Apostasy and blasphemy Beheading

Sublists List of Protestant martyrs of the English Reformation List of Protestant martyrs of the Scottish Reformation List of Catholic martyrs of the English Reformation

See also Blasphemy laws

References

References

External links Foxe's book of Martyrs Retrieved 27 February 2013