Various forms of railway signaling are used in Indonesia, where they are known as semboyan. They include messages and signs in the form of hand signals, voice, shapes, colour, or light placed in a place with a certain meaning to regulate and control train operations. Railway signal can be in the form of commands or prohibitions demonstrated through officers, or tools in the form of shapes, colours, or sounds including signals, signals, and signs; or notifications through marks about track conditions, distinctions, boundaries, and certain instructions.
Railway signalling in Indonesia is influenced by Dutch signalling system and follows the Utrecht Convention on Railway Signaling, especially the Siemens & Halske signalling, Alkmaar type signalling and the "krian" tebeng, which became the foundation of modern Indonesian mechanical signalling. Electrical signalling began to be introduced in Java in the 1970s when signalling installations at Bandung Station and Solo Balapan were carried out by PNKA/PJKA and Siemens Mobility. In the 1980s and continuing to accelerate until now, many mechanical signalling systems have changed to electrical for several reasons such as operational efficiency and increased train traffic related to the construction of double track.
The influence of Dutch signalling in Indonesian railways is outlined in Regulation 3 on Signals (drafted during the Staatsspoorwegen period and refined by the Railway Service), which was later revised in 2010 with Service Regulation 3 on Signals. The old regulation had different interpretations of colours, namely white as a sign of "safe", green as a sign of "limited speed", and red as a "danger sign". However, Service Regulation 3 regulates the colour green as a sign of "safe", and yellow as "limited speed". This regulation also influenced the Ministry of Transportation in drafting PM No. 10 of 2011 concerning Technical Requirements for Railway Signaling Equipment.
Signalling Regulation The latest railway signal in Indonesia is regulated in Service Regulation 3 of PT Kereta Api Indonesia concerning Signals and is effective according to the Decree of the Board of Directors of PT Kereta Api Indonesia Number KEP.U/HK.215/VII/1/KA-2010. It shows all the signals that need to be understood by all parties involved in the train journey (for example train dispatcher (pengatur perjalanan kereta api, PPKA), engine, conductor, signalman, and shunting officer).
This new regulation causes changes to a number of old signals, so that some are added, combined, or no longer used (no longer valid): Rarely used train signals (such as signals 22–28) are removed; signals that are added with new ones such as signals 8A-8P, 9A1-9J, and 10A-10L; signals that are combined (signals 14 and 15 become 14A-14B; signals 16 and 17 become 16A-16B, and signals 10 and 11 become 11A-11B).
Some old signals that are no longer needed or have been replaced, for example signal 27 which indicates crossing trains, previously used lights signals have now been replaced by the use of radio communication.
In the new Service Regulation there are also changes in colours, such as what was previously white becomes green as a sign of safety, and what was previously green becomes yellow as a sign of less safety. Attachment to Service Regulation 3 Regarding Train Signals
List of signals (semboyan)
The following is a list of train signals (semboyan in Indonesian) that apply at PT Kereta Api Indonesia. These signals are compiled based on PT Kereta Api Indonesia Service Regulation 3 on Signals as a replacement for Regulation 3 on Signals, and adapted nationally in the Regulation of the Minister of Transportation Number PM 10 of 2011 concerning Technical Requirements for Railway Signaling Equipment.
Railway signal A railway signal (semboyan di jalur kereta api) is a railway signal that is placed on the right side of the railway track, except in certain conditions it can also be placed on the left side of the railway track. Railway signals are divided into temporary, permanent, switch, water funnel, weighbridge, and free space boundaries.
Temporary signal A temporary signal (semboyan sementara) is a signal that is signalled by hand by PPKA or level crossing guards, or in the form of signs installed on the right side of the railway track; generally hand signals are signalled when there is a disturbance on the journey or passing through a path that must be passed at a limited speed and with caution.
Temporary sign A temporary sign is a sign signalled by hand by PPKA or level crossing guards, or in the form of signs installed on the right side of the railroad tracks; generally a hand sign is signalled when there is a disturbance on the way or passing through a path that must be passed at a limited speed and with caution.
Semboyan 1: PPKA or guard officer stands upright or carries a flag or green sign lamp (handsign) (at night) which is held parallel to the officer's thigh (not moved). Indicates that the path to be passed by the train has the status safe, the train may run as usual at the speed that has been set in the travel regulations. The purpose of the officer standing on the platform: Safety equipment will not be serviced when the train passes through the station, because operating safety equipment faster than it should can cause danger. Monitoring passing trains, especially the signs displayed by the train; Monitoring the condition of the train, especially the equipment under the train (undercarriage) for possible damage that could endanger the safety of the train. The train driver saw the PPKA standing on the platform.
Semboyan 2: Signature in the form of a rhombus with a yellow number symbol in the middle on a black background with a yellow border indicating that the train line to be passed has a speed limit according to the number symbol shown multiplied by 10 (eg: 6, meaning ), and trains passing through it must adjust their speed according to the maximum speed limit (taspat) indicated by it. Semboyan 2A: Sign in the form of a round in yellow with a black border, or an officer holding out a yellow flag or a yellow handsign in his right hand. Indicates that the railway line to be passed is not safe, trains passing through it must be careful with a maximum speed limit of . Semboyan 2A1: A round yellow sign with a black border (above a black square marking with a white vertical line), or an officer holding out a yellow flag or a yellow handsign in his right hand. Indicates that electric trains passing through must be careful with a maximum speed limit of . Semboyan 2B: Two round yellow signs with black edges, or an officer holding out two yellow flags or a yellow handsign in his right hand. Indicates that the railway line to be passed is not safe, trains passing through it must be careful with a maximum speed limit of . Semboyan 2B1: Two round yellow signs with black borders (above a black square marking with a white vertical line), or an officer holding two yellow flags or a yellow handsign in his right hand. Indicating that electric trains passing through must be careful with a maximum speed limit of . Semboyan 2C: An officer carrying a yellow flag, a round yellow board, or a yellow handsign that is swung back and forth indicating that the railway line to be passed is not safe, trains passing through must be careful with a maximum speed limit of (as fast as a normal person walking). Semboyan 2H: A green rhombus sign with white edges with the letters H, HH, or HHH in white indicating that the train can now move at the permitted speed. H means "exhausted", which means "end of speed limit". For trains up to in length, the train can move after passing the sign with the letter "H". For trains in length, the train can move after passing the sign with the letters "HH". For trains in length, the train can move after passing the sign with the letters "HHH". * Semboyan 2H1: A green circular sign with a white border with a white letter H (above a black square marking with a white stripe). Indicates that the KRL or electric locomotive can move at the permitted speed. Semboyan 3: One red flag, red signal light, board with a red circular sign, officer raising both hands above head, or officer swinging a red handsign light. Indicates that the railway line to be passed is unsafe, trains passing through it are required to stop. Semboyan 4A: An officer raises a yellow rectangular board which means that the train will enter the signal which indicates a "stop" or passes the left track stop mark on a double track (if the train passes the left track). Trains can only move at maximum speed.
Permanent sign (semboyan) A permanent signal is a train signal in the form of a display that is installed in a fixed place and is located on the edge of the rail track. This signal consists of signals, signs, and markings.
Signal The railway signalling in Indonesia is divided into two, namely mechanical signalling and electrical signalling. Mechanical signalling is the oldest railway signalling in Indonesia in the form of arm signals (semaphores) and tebeng signals. However, because train traffic on tracks with mechanical signals is getting denser, one by one the Indonesian railway signalling system is changed to electrical signals.
Semboyan 5: GoSlogan 5 is a permanent signal in the form of: The red board on the signal pole is not visible (tebeng signal); The arm on the signal board looks slanted (tebeng signal); The arm on the right side of the signal pole is slanted upwards (exit signal); or The arm on the right side of the signal pole is slanted upwards and the other arm is horizontal (incoming signal); The light on the electric signal lights up green. Slogan 5 indicates that the railway line that will be passed has a safe status, trains that will pass through it are allowed to proceed at line speed.Semboyan 6: Proceed carefully, speed is limitedSemboyan 6 is the permanent signal which is: The arms on the signal board appear upright (tebeng signal); The arm to the right of the signal pole slopes upwards under the horizontal arm (incoming signal); or The light on the electrical signal lights up yellow. Symbol 6 indicates that the railway line to be passed is not safe, trains that will pass it are allowed to continue their journey at a limited speed and carefully.Semboyan 6A: Caution, maximum speed 30 Semboyan 6A is a permanent emergency symbol in the form of: A white light in the shape of a triangle or like the letter M is on, while the main aspect light is red. The Semboyan 6A means that the train or other means of propulsion is travelling at a speed of no more than Semboyan 6B: Allowed to shuntThe Semboyan 6B is a permanent signal that consists of: Two arms on a mechanical shunt signal pole are seen diagonally forming the letter X, or The red light is off and two white lights diagonally to the upper right are on. The Semboyan 6B means that the train or other means of propulsion is allowed to shun. Semboyan 7: StopSemboyan 7 is a permanent sign in the form of: A red round board on the signal pole (tebeng signal); One horizontal arm on the right side of the signal pole (exit signal); Two horizontal arms on the right side of the signal pole (incoming signal); or The light on the electric signal lights up red. Semboyan 7 indicates that the railway line to be passed is unsafe, trains passing through it are required to stop (see also Semboyan 3).Semboyan 7B: No shunting Semboyan 7B is a permanent signal in the form of: Two arms on a mechanical shunting signal pole are visible upright and overlapping, or Red light on an electric shunting signal. Semboyan 7B means that trains or other means of propulsion are not permitted to shunt. Semboyan 9A1 : Main signal "go" or "proceed carefully"The Semboyan 9A1 is the permanent signal which is: the arm on the face signals slanting upwards, or green light on advance signal.