Gujaratia ()is an extinct genus of medium-sized mammals belonging to the family Diacodexeidae, that lived in India and Pakistan during the early to middle Eocene (Ypresian to Lutetian ages). It was formerly considered a species of Diacodexis (a genus now believed to be paraphyletic), but was placed in its own genus in 2005.Bajpai, S., Kapur, V. V., Das, D. P., Tiwari, B. N., Saravanan, N., & Sharma, R. (2005). Early Eocene Land Mammals From Vastan Lignite Mine, District Surat (Gujarat), Western India. Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India, 50(1), 101-113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971102320050106Rautela, A., & Bajpai, S. (2023). Gujaratia indica, the oldest artiodactyl (Mammalia) from South Asia: new dental material and phylogenetic relationships. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2267553
Description Gujaratia is an early artiodactyl, or even-toed ungulate. Based on comparisons to its close relative Diacodexis, it would have resembled a modern duiker, measuring about in body length, but with a much longer tail. Unlike most later species of artiodactyl, it still had five toes on each foot, although the third and fourth toes were already elongated. It may also have had small hooves on each toe. Its teeth suggest that it was a herbivorous browser.
Fossil distribution Gujaratia has been found in various locations in Indian subcontinent. Most notably it is known from a highly diverse Cambay Shale Formation where it coexised with numerous mammals, like Indohyaenodon and Cambaytherium, and was also present in the Kuldana Formation, where it coexisted with several early cetaceans, such as Pakicetus and Ambulocetus.
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