New Caledonia is an archipelago in the South Pacific. It includes the main island of Grande Terre, the Loyalty Islands, the Chesterfield Islands, the Belep archipelago, the Isle of Pines, and a few remote islets. Politically New Caledonia is a sui generis collectivity of France, while it is recognized as a distinct botanical country by the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions.
New Caledonia is home to dozens of endemic species and subspecies of vascular plants, including the endemic plant families Amborellaceae, Oncothecaceae, and Phellinaceae, and the endemic genera Achlydosa, Acropogon, Amborella, Amphorogyne, Apiopetalum, Arillastrum, Arthroclianthus, Artia, Austrotaxus, Basselinia, Beauprea, Beaupreopsis, Bocquillonia, Bopopia, Burretiokentia, Campynemanthe, Canacomyrica, Cerberiopsis, Chamaedendron, Chambeyronia, Clematepistephium, Clinosperma, Cloezia, Cocconerion, Codia, Coilochilus, Comptonella, Crossosperma, Cyathopsis, Cyphokentia, Cyphophoenix, Daenikera, Deltaria, Depanthus, Dicarpellum, Dutailliopsis, Dutaillyea, Eriaxis, Eucarpha, Gastrolepis, Gonatostylis, Gongrodiscus, Greslania, Hachettea, Hooglandia, Jaffrea, Kanakomyrtus, Kibaropsis, Longetia, Loxodiscus, Mangenotiella, Maxwellia, Menepetalum, Montrouziera, Myodocarpus, Myrtastrum, Myrtopsis, Myricanthe, Nemuaron, Neoguillauminia, Neoschmidia, Nephrodesmus, Normandia, Oncotheca, Pachyplectron, Pancheria, Paracryphia, Parasitaxus, Peripterygia, Phelline, Picrella, Platyspermation, Pleurocalyptus, Podonephelium, Purpureostemon, Pycnandra, Salaciopsis, Scagea, Solmsia, Sparattosyce, Storthocalyx, Strasburgeria, Stromatopteris, Thiollierea, and Virotia.Endemic plants of New Caledonia, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) checklist builder. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 5 March 2025.
Plants are listed alphabetically by plant family. Extinct and presumed extinct species are indicated with †.
Acanthaceae † Brunoniella neocaledonica - northwestern New Caledonia Dicliptera pubescens Graptophyllum balansae - central New Caledonia Graptophyllum macrostemon - northwestern New Caledonia Graptophyllum ophiolithicum - northwestern New Caledonia (Mt. Homédéboa) Justicia pinensis - south-central and southeastern New Caledonia Pseuderanthemum comptonii Pseuderanthemum incisum - western New Caledonia Pseuderanthemum repandum subsp. loyaltyense - Loyalty Islands Pseuderanthemum repandum subsp. stenopetalum - west-central New Caledonia
Alseuosmiaceae Platyspermation Platyspermation crassifolium Wittsteinia balansae
Amaranthaceae Atriplex jubata
Amborellaceae Amborella Amborella trichopoda – central New Caledonia
Anacardiaceae Euroschinus aoupiniensis - central New Caledonia Euroschinus elegans - west-central and southeastern New Caledonia Euroschinus jaffrei Euroschinus obtusifolius Euroschinus obtusifolius var. obtusifolius Euroschinus obtusifolius var. robustus – Loyalty Islands and Î. des Pins Euroschinus rubromarginatus - west-central and southeastern New Caledonia Euroschinus verrucosus - southeastern New Caledonia Euroschinus vieillardii Semecarpus ater Semecarpus balansae Semecarpus neocaledonicus - southeastern New Caledonia Semecarpus poyaensis - west-central New Caledonia Semecarpus riparius - west-central and southeastern New Caledonia Semecarpus virotii - southeastern New Caledonia
Annonaceae Goniothalamus dumontetii Goniothalamus hmoope - northern New Caledonia Goniothalamus obtusatus Meiogyne baillonii Meiogyne dumetosa Meiogyne lecardii Meiogyne punctulata Xylopia dibaccata Xylopia pallescens - central-eastern and southeastern New Caledonia Xylopia pancheri Xylopia vieillardii
Apiaceae Apiopetalum Apiopetalum glabratum Apiopetalum velutinum - southeastern New Caledonia
Apocynaceae Alstonia balansae Alstonia boulindaensis – central New Caledonia Alstonia coriacea east-central and southeastern New Caledonia Alstonia deplanchei – northwestern and west-central New Caledonia Alstonia deplanchei var. deplanchei – northwestern and west-central New Caledonia Alstonia deplanchei var. ndokoaensis – northwestern and west-central New Caledonia Alstonia lanceolata Alstonia lanceolifera – southeastern New Caledonia Alstonia legouixiae Alstonia lenormandii – north-central and southeastern New Caledonia Alstonia lenormandii var. lenormandii – north-central and southeastern New Caledonia Alstonia lenormandii var. minutiflora – north-central and southeastern New Caledonia Alstonia odontophora – southeastern New Caledonia Alstonia quaternata – northwestern and central New Caledonia Alstonia sphaerocapitata – north-central New Caledonia Alstonia vieillardii Alyxia baillonii – central and southeastern New Caledonia Alyxia caletioides – northwestern New Caledonia Alyxia celastrinea Alyxia clusiophylla – west-central and southeastern New Caledonia Alyxia cylindrocarpa Alyxia dolioliflora – west-southwestern New Caledonia Alyxia glaucophylla – central and southeastern New Caledonia Alyxia humboldtensis Alyxia hurlimannii Alyxia kaalaensis – northwestern New Caledonia Alyxia leucogyne Alyxia loeseneriana Alyxia margaretae – northern and north-central New Caledonia Alyxia minimiflora Alyxia mucronata – northwestern and west-central New Caledonia Alyxia nummularia – central and southeastern New Caledonia Alyxia oppositifolia – northwestern and west-northwestern New Caledonia Alyxia oubatchensis Alyxia paniensis – northern New Caledonia (Mont Panié) Alyxia poyaensis – east-central New Caledonia Alyxia pseudoserpentina – western New Caledonia Alyxia rosmarinifolia – south-central New Caledonia Alyxia rubricaulis – central and south-central New Caledonia Alyxia sarasinii Alyxia tisserantii Alyxia torquata – west-central and south-central New Caledonia Alyxia urceolata Alyxia veillonii – south-central New Caledonia (Tontouta Valley) Artia Artia amieuensis Artia balansae Artia brachycarpa – northwestern and central New Caledonia Artia brachycarpa var. brachycarpa – northwestern and central New Caledonia Artia brachycarpa var. coriacea – northwestern New Caledonia Artia brachycarpa var. lanceolata – northwestern New Caledonia (î. Art, î. Yandé, î. Baaba) Artia francii Artia lifuana – central New Caledonia (incl. Loyalty Islands) Cerberiopsis Cerberiopsis candelabra Cerberiopsis candelabra var. candelabra Cerberiopsis candelabra var. vexillaria Cerberiopsis neriifolia – southeastern New Caledonia Cerberiopsis obtusifolia – northwestern New Caledonia Heterostemma bicanthaceum Leichhardtia assimulata – central and southern New Caledonia Leichhardtia dognyensis – northern and central New Caledonia Leichhardtia ericoides – southeastern New Caledonia Leichhardtia goromotoorum – west-central New Caledonia Leichhardtia guillauminiana – northern New Caledonia Leichhardtia kaalaensis – northwestern New Caledonia Leichhardtia koniamboensis Leichhardtia kuniensis – New Caledonia ( Î des Pins) Leichhardtia lyonsioides – northern and central New Caledonia Leichhardtia mackeeorum – east-central and southeastern New Caledonia Leichhardtia neocaledonica – northwestern and west-northwestern New Caledonia Leichhardtia neomicrostoma – northern and west-northwestern New Caledonia Leichhardtia nigriflora – east-central and southeastern New Caledonia Leichhardtia oubatchensis – northern New Caledonia Leichhardtia paulforsteri – southeastern New Caledonia Leichhardtia speciosa Leichhardtia tylophoroides Leichhardtia variifolia – west-northwestern New Caledonia Leichhardtia weari Leichhardtia weberlingiana – north-central New Caledonia (col de Hô) Melodinus aeneus Melodinus balansae Melodinus philliraeoides Melodinus reticulatus – northwestern and southeastern New Caledonia Melodinus scandens Ochrosia balansae Ochrosia balansae var. balansae – northern and southeastern New Caledonia Ochrosia balansae var. excelsior – west-central New Caledonia Ochrosia bodenheimarum – southeastern New Caledonia (Vallée de la Toutouta) Ochrosia brevituba – northwestern and north-central New Caledonia Ochrosia grandiflora – northwestern and central New Caledonia Ochrosia inventorum Ochrosia lifuana – New Caledonia (Loyalty Islands, Î. des Pins) Ochrosia miana Ochrosia mulsantii – central and southeastern New Caledonia Ochrosia novocaledonica Ochrosia sevenetii Ochrosia silvatica – northwestern New Caledonia Ochrosia thiollierei – southeastern New Caledonia Parsonsia affinis Parsonsia brachiata Parsonsia catalpicarpa – northwestern New Caledonia Parsonsia crebriflora Parsonsia edulis – west-central and southeastern New Caledonia Parsonsia effusa Parsonsia flexilis – northwestern New Caledonia Parsonsia flexuosa Parsonsia franchetii – New Caledonia (incl. Loyalty Islands) Parsonsia laxiflora – west-central New Caledonia Parsonsia longiflora – central and southeastern New Caledonia Parsonsia macrophylla – central and southeastern New Caledonia Parsonsia pachycarpa Parsonsia populifolia Parsonsia scabra Parsonsia terminaliifolia – northwestern and central New Caledonia Rauvolfia balansae Rauvolfia balansae subsp. balansae Rauvolfia balansae var. basicola – central and southeastern New Caledonia Rauvolfia balansae subsp. schumanniana – northern and central New Caledonia Rauvolfia semperflorens Rauvolfia semperflorens var. insularis – New Caledonia (Î. des Pins) Rauvolfia semperflorens var. semperflorens – central and southeastern New Caledonia Rauvolfia semperflorens var. viridis – northwestern and central New Caledonia Rauvolfia sevenetii – southeastern New Caledonia Rauvolfia spathulata – southeastern New Caledonia (Mts. des Sources) Tabernaemontana cerifera
Aquifoliaceae Ilex sebertii
Araliaceae Meryta balansae Meryta coriacea Meryta denhamii Meryta oxylaena Meryta pachycarpa Meryta pandanicarpa Meryta rivularis – northeastern New Caledonia Meryta schizolaena Meryta sonchifolia Plerandra baillonii Plerandra crassipes Plerandra elegantissima – southeastern New Caledonia Plerandra elongata Plerandra emiliana Plerandra gabriellae – New Caledonia (incl. Loyalty Islands) Plerandra leptophylla Plerandra nono Plerandra osyana Plerandra osyana subsp. osyana Plerandra osyana subsp. toto Plerandra pachyphylla Plerandra pancheri Plerandra plerandroides Plerandra polydactylis Plerandra reginae Plerandra veilloniorum Plerandra veitchii – southeastern New Caledonia Polyscias balansae Polyscias biformis Polyscias botryophora Polyscias bracteata Polyscias bracteata subsp. bracteata Polyscias bracteata subsp. subincisa Polyscias crenata Polyscias dioica Polyscias lecardii Polyscias mackeei Polyscias microbotrys Polyscias otopyrena Polyscias pancheri Polyscias scopoliae Polyscias vieillardii Polyscias vieillardii subsp. balansae Polyscias vieillardii subsp. vieillardii Polyscias weinmanniae Schefflera balansana Schefflera candelabrum Schefflera coenosa – southeastern New Caledonia (incl. î. des Pins) Schefflera leratii Schefflera ouveana – New Caledonia (Loyalty Islands) Schefflera pseudocandelabrum Schefflera vieillardii
Araucariaceae Agathis lanceolata Agathis montana – northeastern New Caledonia (Mt. Panié) Agathis moorei Agathis ovata – central and southeastern New Caledonia Araucaria bernieri – southeastern New Caledonia Araucaria biramulata Araucaria columnaris – southeastern New Caledonia (incl. Loyalty Islands) Araucaria goroensis Araucaria humboldtensis – southeastern New Caledonia Araucaria laubenfelsii –southeastern New Caledonia (incl. Î. Art) Araucaria luxurians – central and southeastern New Caledonia (incl. Îs. Bélep) Araucaria montana Araucaria muelleri – southeastern New Caledonia Araucaria nemorosa – southeastern New Caledonia (near Port Boisé) Araucaria rulei Araucaria schmidii – northeastern New Caledonia (Mt. Panié) Araucaria scopulorum northwestern and north-central New Caledonia Araucaria subulata – southeastern New Caledonia
Arecaceae Basselinia