Melnykov (, feminine: Melnykova) is a Ukrainian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Melnykov Leonid Melnykov (1906–1981), Ukrainian politician and diplomat Stanislav Melnykov (born 1987), Ukrainian hurdler Volodymyr Melnykov (born 1951), Ukrainian poet, writer, songwriter, inventor and composer
Melnykova Iryna Melnykova (1918–2010), Ukrainian historian
See also Melnikov, surname