This is a list of state leaders in the 2000s (2000–2009) AD, such as the heads of state, heads of government, or the general secretaries of single-party states.
These polities are generally sovereign states, including states with limited recognition (when recognised by at least one UN member state), but excludes minor dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 21st century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies, protectorates, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty.
Africa
Africa: Central
Democratic People's Republic of Angola (complete list) – Jonas Savimbi, President (1979–2002) Paulo Lukamba Gato, Interim leader (2002)
Angola Presidents (complete list) – José Eduardo dos Santos, President (1979–2017) Prime ministers (complete list) – Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos, Prime minister (2002–2008) Paulo Kassoma, Prime minister (2008–2010)
Cameroon Presidents (complete list) – Paul Biya, President (1982–present) Prime ministers (complete list) – Peter Mafany Musonge, Prime minister (1996–2004) Ephraïm Inoni, Prime minister (2004–2009) Philémon Yang, Prime minister (2009–2019)
Central African Republic Presidents (complete list) – Ange-Félix Patassé, President (1993–2003) François Bozizé, President (2003–2013) Prime ministers (complete list) – Anicet-Georges Dologuélé, Prime minister (1999–2001) Martin Ziguélé, Prime minister (2001–2003) Abel Goumba, Prime minister (2003) Célestin Gaombalet, Prime minister (2003–2005) Élie Doté, Prime minister (2005–2008) Faustin-Archange Touadéra, Prime minister (2008–2013)
Chad Heads of state (complete list) – Idriss Déby, President (1990–2021) Prime ministers (complete list) – Nagoum Yamassoum, Prime minister (1999–2002) Haroun Kabadi, Prime minister (2002–2003) Moussa Faki, Prime minister (2003–2005) Pascal Yoadimnadji, Prime minister (2005–2007) Adoum Younousmi, Acting Prime minister (2007) Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye, Prime minister (2007–2008) Youssouf Saleh Abbas, Prime minister (2008–2010)
Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa) Presidents (complete list) – Laurent-Désiré Kabila, President (1997–2001) Joseph Kabila, President (2001–2019) Prime ministers (complete list) – Antoine Gizenga, Prime minister (2006–2008) Adolphe Muzito, Prime minister (2008–2012)
Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) Presidents (complete list) – Denis Sassou Nguesso, President (1997–present) Prime ministers (complete list) – Isidore Mvouba, Prime minister (2005–2009)
Equatorial Guinea Presidents (complete list) – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President (1979–present) Prime ministers (complete list) – Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan, Prime minister (1996–2001) Cándido Muatetema Rivas, Prime minister (2001–2004) Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó, Prime minister (2004–2006) Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea, Prime minister (2006–2008) Ignacio Milam Tang, Prime minister (2008–2012)
Gabon Presidents (complete list) – Omar Bongo, President (1967–2009) Didjob Divungi Di Ndinge, Acting President (2009) Rose Francine Rogombé, Acting President (2009) Ali Bongo Ondimba, President (2009–2023) Prime ministers (complete list) – Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane, Prime minister (1999–2006) Jean Eyeghé Ndong, Prime minister (2006–2009) Paul Biyoghé Mba, Prime minister (2009–2012)
São Tomé and Príncipe Presidents (complete list) – Miguel Trovoada, President (1991–2001) Fradique de Menezes, President (2001–2003) Fernando Pereira, Acting President (2003) Fradique de Menezes, President (2003–2011) Prime ministers (complete list) – Guilherme Posser da Costa, Prime minister (1999–2001) Evaristo Carvalho, Prime minister (2001–2002) Gabriel Costa, Prime minister (2002) Maria das Neves, Prime minister (2002–2004) Damião Vaz d'Almeida, Prime minister (2004–2005) Maria do Carmo Silveira, Prime minister (2005–2006) Tomé Vera Cruz, Prime minister (2006–2008) Patrice Trovoada, Prime minister (2008) Joaquim Rafael Branco, Prime minister (2008–2010)
Africa: East
Burundi Presidents (complete list) – Pierre Buyoya, President (1996–2003) Domitien Ndayizeye, President (2003–2005) Pierre Nkurunziza, President (2005–2020)
Comoros Presidents (complete list) – Azali Assoumani, President (1999–2001) Hamada Madi, Acting President (2001) Azali Assoumani, President (2001–2006) Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi, President (2006–2011) Prime ministers (complete list) – Bianrifi Tarmidi, Prime Minister (1999–2000) Hamada Madi, Prime minister (2000–2002) post abolished
Djibouti Presidents (complete list) – Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President (1999–present) Prime ministers (complete list) – Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime minister (1978–2001) Dileita Mohamed Dileita, Prime minister (2001–2013)
Eritrea (complete list) – Isaias Afwerki, President (1993–present)
Ethiopia Presidents (complete list) – Negasso Gidada, President (1995–2001) Girma Wolde-Giorgis, President (2001–2013) Prime ministers (complete list) – Meles Zenawi, Prime minister (1995–2012)
Kenya Presidents (complete list) – Daniel arap Moi, President (1978–2002) Mwai Kibaki, President (2002–2013) Prime ministers (complete list) – Raila Odinga, Prime minister (2008–2013)
Madagascar Presidents (complete list) – Didier Ratsiraka, President (1997–2002) Marc Ravalomanana, President (2002–2009) Prime ministers (complete list) – Tantely Andrianarivo, Prime minister (1998–2002) Jacques Sylla, Prime minister (2002–2007) Charles Rabemananjara, Prime minister (2007–2009) Monja Roindefo, Prime minister (2009) Eugène Mangalaza, Prime minister (2009) Cécile Manorohanta, Acting Prime minister (2009) Albert Camille Vital, Prime minister (2009–2011)
High Transitional Authority: Madagascar (complete list) – Andry Rajoelina, President (2009–2014)
Mauritius Presidents (complete list) – Cassam Uteem, President (1992–2002) Angidi Chettiar, Acting President (2002) Ariranga Pillay, Acting President (2002) Karl Offmann, President (2002–2003) Raouf Bundhun, Acting president (2003) Anerood Jugnauth, President (2003–2012) Prime ministers (complete list) – Navin Ramgoolam, Prime minister (1995–2000) Anerood Jugnauth, Prime minister (2000–2003) Paul Bérenger, Prime minister (2003–2005) Navin Ramgoolam, Prime minister (2005–2014)
Rwanda Presidents (complete list) – Pasteur Bizimungu, President (1994–2000) Paul Kagame, President (2000–present) Prime ministers (complete list) – Pierre-Célestin Rwigema, Prime minister (1995–2000) Bernard Makuza, Prime minister (2000–2011)
Seychelles (complete list) – France-Albert René, President (1977–2004) James Michel, President (2004–2016)
Transitional National Government of the Republic of Somalia Presidents (complete list) – Abdiqasim Salad Hassan, President (2000–2004) Prime ministers (complete list) – Ali Khalif Galaydh, Prime minister (2000–2001) Osman Jama Ali, Acting Prime minister (2001) Hassan Abshir Farah, Prime minister (2001–2003) Muhammad Abdi Yusuf, Prime minister (2003–2004)
Transitional Federal Government of the Republic of Somalia Presidents (complete list) – Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, President (2004–2008) Adan Mohamed Nuur Madobe, Acting President (2008–2009) Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, President (2009–2012) Prime ministers (complete list) – Ali Mohammed Ghedi, Prime minister (2004–2007) Salim Aliyow Ibrow, Acting Prime minister (2007) Nur Hassan Hussein, Prime minister (2007–2009) Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke, Prime minister (2009–2010)
Republic of Somaliland (complete list) – Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, President (1993–2002) Dahir Riyale Kahin, President (2002–2010)
Tanzania Presidents (complete list) – Benjamin Mkapa, President (1995–2005) Jakaya Kikwete, President (2005–2015) Prime ministers (complete list) – Frederick Sumaye, Prime minister (1995–2005) Edward Lowassa, Prime minister (2005–2008) Mizengo Pinda, Prime minister (2008–2015)
Uganda Presidents (complete list) – Yoweri Museveni, President (1986–present) Prime ministers (complete list) – Apolo Nsibambi, Prime minister (1999–2011)
Africa: Northcentral
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Heads of state (complete list) – Muammar Gaddafi, Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (1969–1977) Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution (1977–2011) Prime ministers (complete list) – Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush, Prime minister (1997–2000) Imbarek Shamekh, Prime minister (2000–2003) Shukri Ghanem, Prime minister (2003–2006) Baghdadi Mahmudi, Prime minister (2006–2011)
Tunisia Presidents (complete list) – Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President (1987–2011) Prime ministers (complete list) – Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime minister (1999–2011)
Africa: Northeast
Egypt Presidents (complete list) – Hosni Mubarak, President (1981–2011) Prime ministers (complete list) – Atef Ebeid, Prime minister (1999–2004) Ahmed Nazif, Prime minister (2004–2011)
Sudan Presidents (complete list) Omar al-Bashir, President (1989–2019)
Africa: Northwest
Algeria Presidents (complete list) – Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President (1999–2019) Prime Ministers (complete list) – Ahmed Benbitour, Prime minister (1999–2000) Ali Benflis, Prime Minister (2000–2003) Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime Minister (2003–2006) Abdelaziz Belkhadem, Prime Minister (2006–2008) Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime Minister (2008–2012)
Morocco Alaouite dynasty (complete list) – Mohammed VI, King (1999–present) Prime Ministers (complete list) – Abderrahmane Youssoufi, Prime Minister (1998–2002) Driss Jettou, Prime Minister (2002–2007) Abbas El Fassi, Prime Minister (2007–2011)
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Presidents (complete list) – Mohamed Abdelaziz, President (1976–2016) Prime Ministers (complete list) – Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun, Prime Minister (1999–2003) Abdelkader Taleb Omar, Prime Minister (2003–2018)
Africa: South
Botswana (complete list) – Festus Mogae, President (1998–2008) Ian Khama, President (2008–2018)
Lesotho Monarchs (complete list) – Letsie III, King (1990–1995, 1996–present) Prime ministers (complete list) – Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime minister (1998–2012)
Malawi (complete list) – Bakili Muluzi, President (1994–2004) Bingu wa Mutharika, President (2004–2012)
Mozambique Presidents (complete list) – Joaquim Chissano, President (1990–2005) Armando Guebuza, President (2005–2015) Prime ministers (complete list) – Pascoal Mocumbi, Prime minister (1994–2004) Luísa Diogo, Prime minister (2004–2010)
Namibia Presidents (complete list) – Sam Nujoma, President (1990–2005) Hifikepunye Pohamba, President (2005–2015) Prime ministers (complete list) – Hage Geingob, Prime minister (1990–2002) Theo-Ben Gurirab, Prime minister (2002–2005) Nahas Angula, Prime minister (2005–2012)
South Africa (complete list) – Thabo Mbeki, President (1999–2008) Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri, Acting President (2008) Kgalema Motlanthe, President (2008–2009) Jacob Zuma, President (2009–2018)
Swaziland Kings (complete list) – Mswati III, King (1986–present) tiNdlovukati (complete list) – Ntfombi, Queen Regent (1983–1986), Ndlovukati (1983–present) Prime ministers (complete list) – Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime minister (1996–2003) Paul Shabangu, Acting prime minister (2003) Themba Dlamini, Prime minister (2003–2008) Bheki Dlamini, Acting prime minister (2008) Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime minister (2008–2018)
Zambia (complete list) – Frederick Chiluba, President (1991–2002) Levy Mwanawasa, President (2002–2008) Rupiah Banda, President (2008–2011)
Zimbabwe Presidents (complete list) – Robert Mugabe, President (1987–2017) Prime ministers (complete list) – Morgan Tsvangirai, Prime minister (2009–2013)
Africa: West
Benin Presidents (complete list) – Mathieu Kérékou, President (1996–2006) Thomas Boni Yayi, President (2006–2016)
Burkina Faso Presidents (complete list) – Blaise Compaoré, President (1987–2014) Prime ministers (complete list) – Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo, Prime minister (1996–2000) Paramanga Ernest Yonli, Prime minister (2000–2007) Tertius Zongo, Prime minister (2007–2011)
Cape Verde Presidents (complete list) –