The Tamagawa brothers, Shōemon () and Seiemon (), were two Japanese engineers who played a crucial part in the construction of the Tamagawa Aqueduct during the Edo period.

Construction of the Tamagawa Aqueduct The Tamagawa Aqueduct, a 43-kilometer (27-mile) long channel, brought fresh water from the Tama River to Edo, significantly improving the city's water supply and sanitation. The brothers successfully completed the aqueduct in just 18 months.

Recognition and Legacy In recognition of their achievement, the brothers were awarded the surname "Tamagawa" by the shogunate, a significant honor for commoners at the time.

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