On Thursday 28 February 1974, the February 1974 United Kingdom general election was held in England, to elect all 635 members of the House of Commons, with 516 constituencies being in England.

When combined with results from across the UK, the election resulted in a hung parliament, the first since 1929. Labour, led by Leader of the Opposition and former Prime Minister Harold Wilson, ended up as the largest party, but seventeen short of an overall majority. The Conservatives, led by incumbent Prime Minister Edward Heath, lost 28 seats (though they polled a higher share of the vote than Labour). Heath sought a coalition with the Liberals, but the two parties failed to come to an agreement and so Wilson became prime minister for a second time, his first with a minority government. Wilson called another early election in September, which was held in October and resulted in a slim Labour majority.

Boundary Review

As part of the second periodic review of Westminster constituencies, the boundaries were changed in England, with the number of constituencies being increased from the 511 used between 1955 and 1970, to 516 seats. As a result, the Conservative Party notionally held 302 seats in England compared with Labour's 212 on a notional basis. The Liberal Party and all other parties were, in essence, unaffected in terms of seats.

There were also significant changes in around two thirds of the constituency boundaries in England and the wider United Kingdom, and there was an alignment towards the new ceremonial county boundaries established in the 1974 local government reforms, particularly in Greater London.

Candidates

Below is a table summarising the candidates of the February 1974 general election in England.

Affiliation Candidates Labour Party 516 Conservative Party 516 Liberal Party 452 National Front 54 Independent 29 Communist Party of Great Britain 23 Independent Conservative 18 Workers Revolutionary Party 7 Other 59Total 1,674

Analysis

Labour and Conservatives

As a result of the extensive changes in constituency boundaries, the Conservative Party had held ten more seats than it had won in 1970 by way of notional wins. However, in England, the Conservatives won 268 seats to Labour's 237. The Conservative Party lost several seats to the Labour Party, however managed to take Brentford and Isleworth, Acton and Bromsgrove and Redditch from Labour. This was brought about in a loss of 37 seats but with a gain of three. Amongst the Conservative Party's gains were Upminster in its creation as a new seat, along with the newly created North West Norfolk. 32 of the Conservative's losses went to the Labour Party.

In the House of Commons, when combined with the national results, there emerged a hung parliament with the Labour Party winning 301 seats to the 297 won by the Conservative Party.

The Labour Party led by former prime minister Harold Wilson formed a minority government on 4 March 1974 after the incumbent Conservative government led by Prime Minister Edward Heath failed to form a coalition government with the Liberal Party led by Jeremy Thorpe, whose party saw a national resurgence. As no party commanded a majority, a second general election was held in October in which the Labour Party gained a wafer-thin majority in the House of Commons. However, even in that election, Labour failed to win a majority of seats in England, winning just two seats more than the defeated Conservatives.

Notable figures who entered Parliament in English seats included future Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson in Blaby and Jonathan Aitken in East Thanet for the Conservatives.

Liberal Party

The Liberal Party saw a resurgence in England, with a large increase in vote share, which matched what had occurred in Scotland and Wales. The party held North Cornwall, with Leader of the Liberal Party Jeremy Thorpe retaining North Devon.

The Liberal Party won the seats of Bodmin, Isle of Wight and Berwick-upon-Tweed from the Conservatives, along with notionally wining the seat of Hazel Grove from the Conservatives. It held the seat of Isle of Ely, which it had won in the 1973 Isle of Ely by-election. The Liberal candidate Clement Freud holding the seat represented a gain from the Conservatives compared with the previous election. It also won Colne Valley from the Labour Party (with Richard Wainwright re-entering Parliament). It won Rochdale by way of retaining the seat in this election from the 1972 Rochdale by-election. As such, the party grew from two to nine seats in England.

Minor candidates

Amongst the candidates other than those in Labour, the Conservatives or the Liberal Party, former Labour Party MP Dick Taverne had formed the Democratic Labour Party following his de-selection by the Labour Party. Taverne re-contested his seat of Lincoln and therefore represented a gain from the Labour Party. He would narrowly lose the seat at the next election to Labour.

Separately, in Blyth Valley, another former Labour Member of Parliament, Eddie Milne, re-contested his seat as an Independent Labour candidate. He won the seat, however would also lose to Labour at the following election, and unsuccessfully re-contest the seat in 1979.

Results

+PartySeatsAggregate votes Total Gains Losses Net Of all (%) Total Of all (%) Difference 268 3 37 34 51.9 10,508,977 40.2 8.1 237 32 7 25 45.9 9,842,468 37.7 5.8 9 7 0 7 1.7 5,574,934 21.3 13.4 0 0 0 — 76,865 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 — 25,198 0.1 1 colspan=2 1 — 22,918 0.1 0 0 0 — 21,172 0.1 0.1 1 colspan=2 1 — 14,780 0.1 0 0 0 — 13,379 0.1 0 0 0 — 10,338 0.0 0 colspan=3 — 4,576 0.0 0 colspan=3 — 3,979 0.0   Social Democracy 0 colspan=3 — 2,646 0.0   Independent Democratic 0 colspan=3 — 1,976 0.0 0 colspan=3 — 1,602 0.0   Anti-EEC 0 colspan=3 — 1,447 0.0   Marxist-Leninist (England) 0 colspan=3 — 1,419 0.0   Anti-Immigration 0 0 0 — 1,164 0.0 0 0 0 — 1,161 0.0 0 0 0 — 991 0.0  Democratic Christian 0 colspan=3 — 875 0.0 0 0 0 — 850 0.0  Democratic Conservative 0 colspan=3 — 720 0.0 0 0 0 — 711 0.0 0 colspan=3 — 661 0.0 0 colspan=3 — 628 0.0 0 colspan=3 — 626 0.0   Labour and Democrat 0 colspan=3 — 570 0.0 0 colspan=3 — 521 0.0   English National 0 colspan=3 — 482 0.0   National Coalition 0 colspan=3 — 463 0.0 0 colspan=3 — 337 0.0   Anti-Helmet 0 colspan=3 — 310 0.0   Anti-Common Market Conservative 0 colspan=3 — 288 0.0   Independent Democrat 0 colspan=3 — 254 0.0 0 colspan=3 — 234 0.0   UK Front 0 colspan=3 — 228 0.0   New Freedom 0 colspan=3 — 203 0.0   British Exports Campaign 0 colspan=3 — 191 0.0   Community 0 colspan=3 — 151 0.0 0 colspan=3 — 118 0.0   Social Credit 0 0 0 — 106 0.0   Technical Consultant 0 colspan=3 — 101 0.0 Total 516 0 100.0 26,141,618 100.0 0.0 Registered voters, and turnout 33,077,573 79.0 7.6

By region

Note: the following tables indicate the results according to the regions of England which were established in 1994. These regions were not used at the time for the purposes of this election.

The number of seats for each region that were changed under the second periodic review of Westminster constituencies are indicated respectively.

East Midlands

+ Party Seats Aggregate votes Total Gains Losses Net Of all (%) Total Of all (%) Difference 19 colspan="2" 48.7 40.8 7.5 19 colspan="2" 1 48.7 40.7 6.8 0 0 0 0.0 16.8 12.3   Others 1 0 0 2.6 1.8 1.3 Total 39 1

East of England

+ Party Seats Aggregate votes Total Gains Losses Net Of all (%) Total Of all (%) Difference 35 0 2 2 77.8 41.2 11.0 9 5 0 5 20.0 33.1 7.1 1 1 0 1 2.2 25.5 18.1   Others 0 0 0 0.0 0.2 Total 45 4

Greater London

+ Party Seats Aggregate votes Total Gains Losses Net Of all (%) Total Of all (%) Difference 50 colspan=2 5 54.3 40.5 5.3 42 colspan=2 5 45.7 37.6 9.0 0 0 0 0.0 20.7 13.8   Others 0 0 0 0.0 1.2 0.5 Total 92 10

North East England

+ Party Seats Aggregate votes Total Gains Losses Net Of all (%) Total Of all (%) Difference 25 0 1 1 80.6 52.4 7.2 4 0 1 1 12.9 33.4 4.8 1 1 0 1 3.2 12.4 10.2   Others 1 1 0 1 3.2 1.8 1.8 Total 31

North West England

+ Party Seats Aggregate votes Total Gains Losses Net Of all (%) Total Of all (%) Difference 51 8 1 7 62.2 41.5 4.2 29 0 10 10 35.4 38.5 8.2 2 2 0 2 2.4 19.3 12.1   Others 0 0 0 0.0 0.7 0.3 Total 82 1

South East England

+ Party Seats Aggregate votes Total Gains Losses Net Of all (%) Total Of all (%) Difference 64 colspan="2" 6 91.4 46.8 7.7 5 colspan="2" 2 7.1 25.2 6.9 1 1 0 1 1.4 27.5 14.7   Others 0 0 0 0.0 0.4 0.3 Total 70 9

South West England

+ Party Seats Aggregate votes Total Gains Losses Net Of all (%) Total Of all (%) Difference 36 colspan="2" 1 78.3 43.8 7.7 7 colspan="2" 1 15.2 26.4 7.4 3 1 0 1 6.5 29.5 15.0   Others 0 0 0 0.0 0.4 0.3 Total 46 1

West Midlands

+ Party Seats Aggregate votes Total Gains Losses Net Of all (%) Total Of all (%) Difference 33 9 0 9 58.9 43.1 1.8 23 0 7 7 41.1 40.8 9.7 0 0 0 0.0 14.9 10.7   Others 0 0 0 0.0 1.1 0.7 Total 56 2

Yorkshire and the Humber

+ Party Seats Aggregate votes Total Gains Losses Net Of all (%) Total Of all (%) Difference 38 3 1 2 69.1 44.7 5.5 16 0 4 4 29.1 35.2 6.6 1 1 0 1 1.8 19.5 11.7   Others 0 0 0 0.0 0.6 0.3 Total 551

See also February 1974 United Kingdom general election in Scotland February 1974 United Kingdom general election in Wales February 1974 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland

Notes

References

Further reading Clark, George (1974). "The 'Inevitable' Election". The Times Guide to the House of Commons 1974. London: Times Newspapers Limited. p. 28 Butler, David; Kavanagh, Dennis (1974), The British General Election of February 1974