In the United States, Southern Unionists were white Southerners living in the Confederate States of America and the Southern Border States opposed to secession. Many fought for the Union during the Civil War. These people are also referred to as Southern Loyalists, Union Loyalists,Philip B. Lyons, Statesmanship and Reconstruction: Moderate Versus Radical Republicans on Restoring the Union After the Civil War (Lexington Books, 2014), p. 262 or Lincoln's Loyalists.Richard Nelson Current, Lincoln's Loyalists: Union Soldiers from the Confederacy (Northeastern University Press: 1992). Pro-Confederates in the South derided them as "Tories" (in reference to the pro-Crown Loyalists of the American Revolution). During Reconstruction, these terms were replaced by "scalawag" (or "scallywag"), which covered all Southern whites who supported the Republican Party.

Alabama George Washington Lane Joseph G. Sanders William Hugh Smith

Arkansas Thomas Boles William Meade Fishback Lafayette Gregg James M. Johnson Isaac MurphyRogan Kersh. Dreams of a More Perfect Union, p. 194Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 74.

Florida Richard K. Call Ossian Bingley Hart David B. Macomb

Georgia George W. Ashburn Foster Blodgett John M. Cuyler Joshua HillEncyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 644. Montgomery C. Meigs James M. Wayne

Kentucky

George Madison Adams Robert AndersonGary Matthews, More American Than Southern Kentucky, Slavery, and the War for an American Ideology, 1828-1861 (University of Tennessee, 2014), p. 1: "Anderson ... was a staunch unionist." Francis Preston Blair Jr. Thomas E. BramletteEncyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 270. Joseph Cabell Breckinridge Sr. Robert Jefferson BreckinridgeEncyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 279. Samuel L. Casey Cassius Clay John J. Crittenden Thomas Leonidas Crittenden Garrett Davis George W. Dunlap Henry Grider Aaron Harding John Marshall HarlanLowell H. Harrison & James C. Klotter, A New History of Kentucky (University Press of Kentucky: 1997), p. 257. Joseph HoltDaniel W. Crofts, ‘Joseph Holt: Union Man’ (May 30, 2011). New York Times.Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 1990. James S. Jackson Robert Mallory John W. Menzies James Speed Joshua Fry SpeedKirk C. Jenkins, The Battle Rages Higher: The Union's Fifteenth Kentucky Infantry. University Press of Kentucky, 2003: p. 8. William H. Wadsworth

Louisiana W. Jasper Blackburn John Edward Bouligny Benjamin Flanders Michael Hahn Theodore G. Hunt Philip H. Morgan James Madison Wells

Mississippi Stephen Duncan Newton KnightWilliam W. Freehling, The South Vs. The South: How Anti-Confederate Southerners Shaped the Course of the Civil War (Oxford University Press, 2001), p. 145. Greenwood LeFlore William L. Sharkey

North Carolina

Elisha Baxter John Baxter Henry H. Bell John Gibbon William Woods HoldenEncyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 1998. Alexander H. Jones Alexander McRae John PoolBiography of John Pool (1826-1884). digital.lib.ecu. Retrieved November 28, 2021. Fabius Stanly William Brickly Stokes John A. Winslow

South Carolina Percival Drayton Francis LieberEncyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 819. James L. PetigruSusan Wyley-Jones. ‘Petigru, James Louis.’ Encyclopedia of the American Civil War (2002), eds. David Stephen Heidler, Jeanne T. Heidler, and David J. Coles. W. W. Norton: p. 1504-05.

Tennessee

Samuel Mayes Arnell George Washington Bridges James Patton Brownlow John Bell Brownlow William Gannaway BrownlowEdward R. Crowther. Encyclopedia of the American Civil War (2002), eds. David Stephen Heidler, Jeanne T. Heidler, and David J. Coles. W. W. Norton: p. 298-9. Roderick R. Butler Alfred Cate James P. T. Carter Samuel P. Carter William B. Carter Andrew Jackson Clements William CrutchfieldEncyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 417. Emerson EtheridgeLonnie Maness, Henry Emerson Etheridge, Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Retrieved: 22 April 2014. David FarragutSpencer C. Tucker, The Civil War Naval Encyclopedia (Vol. 1: ABC-CLIO, 2011), pp. 183-84. Fielding HurstDerek W. Frisby. ‘Forrest, Nathan Bedford.’ Encyclopedia of the American Civil War (2002), eds. David Stephen Heidler, Jeanne T. Heidler, and David J. Coles. W. W. Norton: p. 721. Andrew JohnsonPaul Bergeron, Andrew Johnson, Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Retrieved: 3 May 2013. George Washington Kirk Gaines Lawson Horace Maynard William McFarland James Mullins Thomas Amos Rogers NelsonThomas Alexander, ‘Strange Bedfellows: The Interlocking Careers of T.A.R. Nelson, Andrew Johnson, and W.G. (Parson) Brownlow,’ East Tennessee Historical Society Publications, No. 24 (1952), pp. 68-91. James G. Spears Nathaniel Green Taylor Oliver Perry Temple Jacob Montgomery Thornburgh Daniel C. Trewhitt John Trimble William H. Wisener

Texas

Edmund J. Davis Edward DegenerJames Marten, Texas Divided: Loyalty and Dissent in the Lone Star State, 1856-1874 (University Press of Kentucky, 2014), pp. 115-16. Thomas H. DuValJames Marten, Texas Divided: Loyalty and Dissent in the Lone Star State, 1856-1874 (University Press of Kentucky, 2014), pp. 69-70. Lemuel D. Evans J. W. Flanagan Andrew Jackson HamiltonEncyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 300. Morgan C. Hamilton John Hancock John L. Haynes Sam HoustonDale Baum. The Shattering of Texas Unionism: Politics in the Lone Star State During the Civil War Era (1998). LSU Press: p. 87.Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 1936. Elisha M. PeaseJames Marten, Texas Divided: Loyalty and Dissent in the Lone Star State, 1856-1874 (University Press of Kentucky, 2014), pp. 70, 132.

Virginia

John Minor BottsEncyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 254. Lemuel J. Bowden John S. Carlile Philip St. George Cooke Samuel Phillips Lee Ebenezer E. Mason Samuel C. Means Lewis McKenzie Winfield ScottEncyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 1998 Joseph Segar Franklin Stearns William Terrill George Henry Thomas Charles H. Upton Elizabeth Van Lew

West Virginia Jacob B. Blair Arthur I. BoremanOtis K. Rice & Stephen W. Brown, West Virginia: A History (University Press of Kentucky: 2d ed. 1993), p. 154 William G. Brown Sr. Sherrard Clemens John J. Davis Chester D. Hubbard Francis Harrison PierpontEncyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 1522. Kellian Whaley Waitman T. Willey

References Notes

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